Weldegebreal Fitsum, Digaffe Tesfaye, Mesfin Frehiwot, Mitiku Habtamu
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2018 May 21;10:63-72. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S138638. eCollection 2018.
Nutritional care is considered a crucial component of comprehensive care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), particularly in resource-limited settings where malnutrition and food insecurity are endemic problems, and low quality monotonous diets are the norm. The findings of this study provide baseline information on dietary diversity and related factors for health care providers so that they will be able to improve nutritional care and support activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess dietary diversity and associated factors among HIV positive adults (18-65 years old) attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics at Hiwot Fana and Dilchora Hospitals, eastern Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 at the ART clinics of Hiwot Fana and Dilchora Hospitals. Using a systematic random sampling technique, a total of 303 patients were selected from all adults attending the ART clinics. The data were collected with a 95% CI used to show association between dietary diversity and independent factors.
A total of 303 adult HIV positive individuals on ART participated in the study and 62.4% were females. The largest numbers of participants (49.5%) were 30-40 years of age. Eighty-seven (28.7%) participants had low dietary diversity (≤4 food groups). Duration of anti-retroviral treatment was the factor significantly associated with dietary diversity: respondents with a duration of antiretroviral treatment of more than 2 years were almost two times more likely to have high dietary diversity compared with those with less than a year of antiretroviral treatment (adjusted odds ratio =0.490; 95% CI: 0.091, 0.978).
Low dietary diversity was found to be a nutritional problem among HIV positive adults. Duration of antiretroviral treatment was the predictor of low dietary diversity. Therefore, appropriate dietary management of side effects of ART is important.
营养护理被视为艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWHA）综合护理的关键组成部分，尤其是在资源有限的环境中，营养不良和粮食不安全是普遍存在的问题，低质量的单调饮食是常态。本研究结果为医护人员提供了关于饮食多样性及相关因素的基线信息，以便他们能够改善营养护理和支持活动。因此，本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚东部希沃特·法纳医院和迪尔乔拉医院接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）门诊的18 - 65岁HIV阳性成年人的饮食多样性及相关因素。
2015年11月至2016年2月在希沃特·法纳医院和迪尔乔拉医院的ART门诊进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术，从所有参加ART门诊的成年人中总共选取了303名患者。收集的数据采用95%置信区间来显示饮食多样性与独立因素之间的关联。
共有303名接受ART治疗的成年HIV阳性个体参与了研究，其中62.4%为女性。参与研究人数最多的年龄段（49.5%）为30 - 40岁。87名（28.7%）参与者的饮食多样性较低（≤4个食物组）。抗逆转录病毒治疗的时长是与饮食多样性显著相关的因素：抗逆转录病毒治疗时长超过2年的受访者饮食多样性高的可能性几乎是抗逆转录病毒治疗时长少于1年的受访者的两倍（调整后的优势比 = 0.490；95%置信区间：0.091，0.978）。
发现饮食多样性低是HIV阳性成年人中的一个营养问题。抗逆转录病毒治疗的时长是饮食多样性低的预测因素。因此，对抗逆转录病毒治疗副作用进行适当的饮食管理很重要。
