Department of Architecture, KeYi College of Zhe Jiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 312369, China.
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Dec;27(36):45787-45801. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10419-6. Epub 2020 Aug 15.
Many cities are facing various environmental problems, where performance-based planning and nature-based solutions have been proposed to address such problems. As a natural landscape in the city, urban waterfront space has efficient ecological benefits, high-quality landscape vision and environment, and it is an important carrier of citizens' activities. However, existing studies have mainly focused on coping with environmental problems, while social functions and strategies have been neglected. Therefore, this study aims to fill such research gaps by understanding the social performance of urban waterfront spaces. Field observation and questionnaire survey were conducted in a famous urban waterfront space, Qiantang riverside walkway, in Hangzhou, China. The results indicate that the Qiantang riverside walkway serves as a space for tourism, leisure and entertainment, as the visitors who lived more than 5 km away from here accounted for about 50% and the local people also accounted for about 50%. People's activities exhibited significantly temporal differences, where the occupation of the Qiantang riverside walkway reached a peak at night. For the people who lived far from here, they mainly depended on self-driving, which led to two critical problems relevant to transport linkage with the city and parking lot. Results also indicate that the landscape, supporting facilities and road functions could perform well among the mind of 102 respondents. However, public service and main facilities should be improved to meet more people's requirements. Moreover, importantly, the results indicate the phenomenon of stratification and agglomeration so that the similar aspects (e.g. rest seat quantity, rest seat style) could be merged into the same cluster (e.g. rest seat) for consideration in the urban waterfront space planning and design. This study also generates some implications for the renovation of urban waterfront spaces. Overall, this study provides people with basic understanding of the social performance of existing urban waterfront spaces, which can further promote urban planners and designers to comprehensively build sustainable, resilient and healthy water-based living environments.
许多城市都面临着各种环境问题，因此提出了基于绩效的规划和基于自然的解决方案来解决这些问题。作为城市中的自然景观，城市滨水空间具有高效的生态效益、高质量的景观视野和环境，是市民活动的重要载体。然而，现有研究主要集中在应对环境问题上，而忽视了社会功能和策略。因此，本研究旨在通过了解城市滨水空间的社会绩效来填补这一研究空白。本研究在中国杭州著名的城市滨水空间——钱塘江边步道进行了实地观察和问卷调查。结果表明，钱塘江边步道是一个旅游、休闲和娱乐的空间，因为居住在 5 公里以外的游客约占 50%，当地居民也占 50%左右。人们的活动呈现出明显的时间差异，钱塘江边步道的使用率在夜间达到高峰。对于那些居住在远离这里的人来说，他们主要依靠自驾出行，这导致了与城市交通联系和停车场相关的两个关键问题。研究结果还表明，景观、配套设施和道路功能在 102 位受访者的心目中表现良好。然而，公共服务和主要设施需要改进，以满足更多人的需求。此外，重要的是，研究结果表明了分层和集聚的现象，因此类似的方面（如休息座位数量、休息座位风格）可以合并到同一聚类（如休息座位）中，以便在城市滨水空间规划和设计中进行考虑。本研究还为城市滨水空间的改造提供了一些启示。总的来说，本研究为人们提供了对现有城市滨水空间社会绩效的基本了解，这可以进一步促进城市规划师和设计师全面建设可持续、有弹性和健康的滨水生活环境。
