Rega Paul, Bork Christopher, Bisesi Michael, Gold Jeffrey P, Burkholder-Allen Kelly
Public Health and Preventive Medicine/ Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
Am J Disaster Med. 2020;14(4):255-267. doi: 10.5055/ajdm.2019.0339.
Infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and subsequent pandemics are not typical disasters in the sense that they often lack clearly delineated phases. As in any event that is biological in nature, its onset may be gradual with signs and symptoms that are so subtle that they go unrecognized, thus missing opportunities to invoke an early response and implement containment strategies. An infectious disease outbreak-whether caused by a novel virus, a particularly virulent influenza strain, or newly emerging or resistant bacteria with the capability of human-to-human transmission-can quickly degrade a community's healthcare infrastructure in advance of coordinated mitigation, preparation, and response activities. The Transitional Medical Model (TMM) was developed to aid communities with these crucial phases of disaster response as well as to assist with the initial steps within the recovery phase. The TMM is a methodology that provides a crosswalk between the routine operations and activities of a community's public health infrastructure with action steps associated with the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases of an infectious disease outbreak.
传染病的爆发、流行以及随后的大流行并非典型的灾难，因为它们往往缺乏明确划分的阶段。与任何具有生物学性质的事件一样，其发病可能较为隐匿，症状细微，难以察觉，从而错失早期应对和实施控制策略的机会。传染病爆发——无论是由新型病毒、特别烈性的流感毒株，还是具有人际传播能力的新出现或耐药细菌引起——都可能在协调的缓解、准备和应对活动之前迅速削弱社区的医疗基础设施。过渡性医疗模式（TMM）的开发旨在帮助社区应对这些关键的灾难应对阶段，并协助恢复阶段的初始步骤。TMM是一种方法，它在社区公共卫生基础设施的日常运作和活动与传染病爆发的缓解、准备、应对和恢复阶段相关的行动步骤之间提供了一个交叉路径。
