Vallone Federica, Smith Andrew Paul, Zurlo Maria Clelia
Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2020 Oct;17(4):e12360. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12360. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
Basing on the Demands-Resources and Individual-Effects (DRIVE) Model developed by Mark and Smith in 2008, the study aims to propose and test a multi-dimensional model that combines work characteristics, individual characteristics, and work-family interface dimensions as predictors of nurses' psychophysical health.
Self-report questionnaires assessing work characteristics (effort; rewards; job demands; job control; social support), individual characteristics (socio-demographic characteristics; coping strategies; Type A behavioral pattern; Type D personality), work-family interface dimensions (work-family interrole conflict; job and life satisfaction), and health outcomes (psychological disease; physical disease) were completed by 450 Italian nurses. Logistic regression analyses and Hayes' PROCESS tool were used to test the proposed model by exploring main, moderating and mediating hypotheses.
Findings confirmed the proposed theoretical framework including work characteristics, individual characteristics, and work-family interface dimensions as significant predictors of nurses' psychophysical disease. Specific main, moderating and mediating effects were found, providing a wide set of multiple risks and protective factors.
The study allowed a broader understanding of nurses' work-related stress process, providing a comprehensive tool for the assessment of occupational health and for the definition of tailored policies and interventions in public healthcare organizations to promote nurses' wellbeing.
基于马克和史密斯于2008年开发的需求-资源与个体-效应（DRIVE）模型，本研究旨在提出并检验一个多维模型，该模型将工作特征、个体特征以及工作-家庭界面维度作为护士身心健康的预测因素。
450名意大利护士完成了自我报告问卷，这些问卷评估工作特征（努力程度；回报；工作要求；工作控制；社会支持）、个体特征（社会人口统计学特征；应对策略；A型行为模式；D型人格）、工作-家庭界面维度（工作-家庭角色间冲突；工作和生活满意度）以及健康结果（心理疾病；身体疾病）。采用逻辑回归分析和海斯的PROCESS工具，通过探究主要、调节和中介假设来检验所提出的模型。
研究结果证实了所提出的理论框架，其中工作特征、个体特征以及工作-家庭界面维度是护士身心疾病的重要预测因素，并发现了具体的主要、调节和中介效应，提供了一系列多样的多重风险和保护因素。
该研究有助于更广泛地理解护士与工作相关的压力过程，为职业健康评估以及在公共医疗机构制定针对性政策和干预措施以促进护士福祉提供了一个综合工具。
