Zurlo Maria Clelia, Vallone Federica, Smith Andrew P
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Eur J Psychol. 2018 Mar 12;14(1):159-175. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1478. eCollection 2018 Mar.
The Demand Resources and Individual Effects Model (DRIVE Model) is a transactional model that integrates Demands- Control-Support and Effort-Reward Imbalance models emphasising the role of individual (Coping Strategies; Overcommitment) and job characteristics (Job Demands, Social Support, Decision Latitude, Skill Discretion, Effort, Rewards) in the work-related stress process. The present study aimed to test the DRIVE Model in a sample of 450 Italian nurses and to compare findings with those of a study conducted in a sample of UK nurses. A questionnaire composed of Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised (WCCL-R); Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ); ERI Test; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. Data supported the application of the DRIVE Model to the Italian context, showing significant associations of the individual characteristics of Problem-focused, Seek Advice and Wishful Thinking coping strategies and the job characteristics of Job Demands, Skill Discretion, Decision Latitude, and Effort with perceived levels of Anxiety and Depression. Effort represented the best predictor for psychological health conditions among Italian nurses, and Social Support significantly moderated the effects of Job Demands on perceived levels of Anxiety. The comparison study showed significant differences in the risk profiles of Italian and UK nurses. Findings were discussed in order to define focused interventions to promote nurses' wellbeing.
需求资源与个体效应模型（DRIVE模型）是一种交互模型，它整合了需求-控制-支持模型和努力-回报失衡模型，强调个体（应对策略；过度投入）和工作特征（工作需求、社会支持、决策自由度、技能自主性、努力程度、回报）在与工作相关的压力过程中的作用。本研究旨在对450名意大利护士样本进行DRIVE模型测试，并将结果与在英国护士样本中进行的一项研究结果进行比较。使用了一份由修订后的应对方式清单（WCCL-R）、工作内容问卷（JCQ）、ERI测试、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）组成的问卷。数据支持了DRIVE模型在意大利背景下的应用，显示出以问题为导向、寻求建议和如意算盘应对策略等个体特征以及工作需求、技能自主性、决策自由度和努力程度等工作特征与焦虑和抑郁感知水平之间存在显著关联。努力程度是意大利护士心理健康状况的最佳预测指标，社会支持显著调节了工作需求对焦虑感知水平的影响。比较研究显示意大利和英国护士的风险状况存在显著差异。对研究结果进行了讨论，以确定促进护士福祉的针对性干预措施。
