Fairlie Anne M, Lewis Melissa A, Waldron Katja A, Wallace Elliot C, Lee Christine M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
Addict Behav. 2021 Jan;112:106585. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106585. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
The current study examines the norms-behavior link by investigating a novel cognition for protective behavioral strategies (PBS)-descriptive and injunctive norms for close friends' reasons to use PBS (e.g., limit drinking, reduce consequences)-in relation to one's own perception of usefulness and personal use of PBS. Further, we tested whether the association between perceived norms for reasons to use PBS and personal PBS use was mediated by perceived usefulness of PBS.
College student drinkers ages 18-24 [N = 301; 53% female, 69% White, mean age = 20.16 years (SD = 1.54)] were recruited for a larger study. Eligible students reported alcohol use 2+ days a week and 1+ occasions of heavy episodic drinking in the last two weeks. Linear regression tested whether descriptive and injunctive norms for reasons to use PBS were associated with perceived usefulness and personal use of PBS; path analysis was used to test mediation. All analyses were conducted by PBS subscale (limiting/stopping, serious harm reduction, manner of drinking).
Descriptive norms for reasons to use PBS (i.e., perceptions that close friends use PBS to reduce drinking/consequences) were positively associated with perceived usefulness and personal PBS use for limiting/stopping and to some extent manner of drinking. For each subscale, the association between descriptive norms for reasons to use PBS and personal PBS use was mediated by perceived usefulness of PBS. Results were not significant for injunctive norms.
Findings suggest descriptive norms, rather than injunctive norms, for close friends' reasons to use PBS, may be relevant for inclusion in brief interventions.
本研究通过调查一种关于保护性策略（PBS）的新认知——亲密朋友使用PBS（如限制饮酒、减少后果）的描述性和指令性规范，来检验规范与行为之间的联系，这与个人对PBS有用性的认知及其个人使用情况相关。此外，我们还测试了使用PBS原因的感知规范与个人PBS使用之间的关联是否通过PBS的感知有用性来介导。
招募了18 - 24岁的大学生饮酒者（N = 301；53%为女性，69%为白人，平均年龄 = 20.16岁，标准差 = 1.54）参与一项更大规模的研究。符合条件的学生报告每周饮酒2天以上，且在过去两周内有1次以上的重度饮酒情况。线性回归检验了使用PBS原因的描述性和指令性规范是否与PBS的感知有用性和个人使用情况相关；路径分析用于检验中介作用。所有分析均按PBS子量表（限制/停止、严重伤害减少、饮酒方式）进行。
使用PBS原因的描述性规范（即认为亲密朋友使用PBS来减少饮酒/后果）与限制/停止饮酒以及在一定程度上与饮酒方式的感知有用性和个人PBS使用呈正相关。对于每个子量表，使用PBS原因的描述性规范与个人PBS使用之间的关联通过PBS的感知有用性来介导。指令性规范的结果不显著。
研究结果表明，亲密朋友使用PBS原因的描述性规范，而非指令性规范，可能与纳入简短干预措施相关。
