Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, 11217 Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, 11217 Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Dec 1;277:109-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.059. Epub 2020 Jul 19.
Studies have indicated that parental depression was slightly related to the increased risk of offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the association between exposure to parental depression at different neurodevelopmental stages (i.e., perinatal or postnatal period) and subsequent ADHD and ASD development remained uncertain.
708,515 children born between 2001 and 2008 were screened for ADHD and ASD based on ICD-9-CM codes of 314 and 299 given by psychiatrists from their birth to the end of 2011. Paternal and maternal depression was separately assessed during five periods, namely those before pregnancy (pre-pregnancy), during pregnancy (perinatal), and <1, 1-3, and >3 years after childbirth (postnatal). Cox regression analyses were performed.
Both paternal and maternal depression occurring in the pre-pregnancy, perinatal and postnatal periods were significantly associated with subsequent ADHD and ASD in the offspring, with hazard ratios between 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.49) and 2.25 (2.09-2.41). The chronicity and additive effect of paternal and maternal depression were related to increased risks of offspring ADHD and ASD. The effects of maternal depression were stronger than the effects of paternal depression for offspring ADHD (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.27-1.45) and ASD (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46) risks.
Both paternal depression and maternal depression in the pre-pregnancy, perinatal and postnatal periods increases offspring ADHD and ASD risks, and these risks increase further with increases in the duration of parental depression and with the additive effect of parental and maternal depression.
研究表明，父母抑郁与子女患注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的风险增加略有相关。然而，在不同神经发育阶段（即围产期或产后期）暴露于父母抑郁与随后的 ADHD 和 ASD 发展之间的关联仍不确定。
根据精神病医生在 2001 年至 2008 年期间出生的儿童的 ICD-9-CM 代码 314 和 299，对 708,515 名儿童进行 ADHD 和 ASD 筛查，直至 2011 年底。分别在五个时期评估了父亲和母亲的抑郁情况，即怀孕前（孕前）、怀孕期间（围产期）和产后 <1 年、1-3 年和 >3 年。进行 Cox 回归分析。
父母在孕前、围产期和产后期间发生的抑郁均与后代随后发生 ADHD 和 ASD 显著相关，其风险比在 1.42（95%置信区间 [CI]：1.35-1.49）至 2.25（2.09-2.41）之间。父母抑郁的慢性和累加效应与子女患 ADHD 和 ASD 的风险增加有关。与父亲抑郁相比，母亲抑郁对子女 ADHD（HR：1.35，95% CI：1.27-1.45）和 ASD（HR：1.23，95% CI：1.05-1.46）风险的影响更强。
父母在孕前、围产期和产后期间的抑郁都会增加子女患 ADHD 和 ASD 的风险，并且随着父母抑郁持续时间的增加和父母抑郁的累加效应的增加，这些风险进一步增加。
