Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Aug 14;24(1):535. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06732-4.
Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels. Further, lower intake of omega-3 during pregnancy has been linked to higher depressive symptoms. Yet, prior studies have not examined the interactive effects of pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OWOB) and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on infant cord blood omega-3 levels.
Participants included 394 maternal-infant dyads from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) - Safe Passage Study in South Dakota. A pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) > 25 was used to dichotomize participants as OWOB (54%) vs. non-OWOB (46%). Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and prenatal maternal anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We implemented linear regression models to examine the interaction term between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on cord blood omega-3 levels. Secondary analyses were stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI category.
We observed a significant interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with cord blood omega-3 (F(4,379) = 6.21, p < .0001, adj. R = 0.05). Stratified models revealed an association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with lower cord blood omega-3 levels only among individuals with pre-pregnancy OWOB (β = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11, -0.02; F (2,208) = 4.00, p < .05, adj R = 0.03). No associations were observed among non-OWOB participants.
Findings suggest maternal-placental transfer of omega-3 may represent one pathway by which maternal metabolic and mental health impacts infant development.
实证研究表明，孕前肥胖与围产期产妇抑郁症状之间存在关联。ω-3 是一种从饮食中获取的必需脂肪酸，对胎儿大脑发育至关重要。孕前肥胖与 ω-3 摄入量较高有关，但与饮食摄入及相应的产妇和脐带血 ω-3 水平之间的关联较弱。此外，孕期 ω-3 摄入量较低与抑郁症状较高有关。然而，先前的研究并未探讨孕前超重或肥胖（OWOB）和产前产妇心理健康症状对婴儿脐带血 ω-3 水平的交互作用。
参与者来自南达科他州 NIH 环境对儿童健康结果的影响（ECHO）-安全通道研究中的 394 对母婴对子。使用孕前体重指数（BMI）>25 将参与者分为 OWOB（54%）和非 OWOB（46%）。使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）测量产前产妇抑郁症状，使用状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）测量产前产妇焦虑症状。我们实施线性回归模型来检验孕前 BMI 类别和产前产妇心理健康症状对脐带血 ω-3 水平的交互项。二次分析按孕前 BMI 类别分层。
我们观察到孕前 BMI 类别和产前产妇抑郁症状与脐带血 ω-3 之间存在显著的交互作用（F（4,379）=6.21，p<0.0001，调整后的 R=0.05）。分层模型显示，仅在孕前 OWOB 的个体中，产前产妇抑郁症状与脐带血 ω-3 水平较低之间存在关联（β=-0.06，95%CI=-0.11，-0.02；F（2,208）=4.00，p<0.05，调整后的 R=0.03）。在非 OWOB 参与者中未观察到关联。
研究结果表明，ω-3 的母体胎盘转运可能是母体代谢和心理健康影响婴儿发育的途径之一。
