Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing 100029, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Oct 10;738:140345. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140345. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Although fumigants can effectively control soil-borne diseases they are typically harmful to beneficial microorganisms unless methods are developed to encourage their survival after fumigation. The soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) is widely used because of its effective management of pathogenic nematodes and weeds. After fumigation with 1,3-D, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum fertilizer (either singularly or together) or humic acid were added to soil that had been used to produce tomatoes under continuous production for >20 years. We evaluated changes to the soil's physicochemical properties and enzyme activity in response to these fertilizer treatments, and the effects of these changes on beneficial bacteria. Fertilizer applied after fumigation increased the content of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter, and it promoted an increase in pH and electrical conductivity. The activity of urease, sucrase and catalase enzymes in the soil increased after fumigation. Taxonomic identification of bacteria using genetic analysis techniques showed that fertilizer applied after fumigation increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and the relative abundance of the biological control genera Sphingomona, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Lysobacter. The abundance of these beneficial bacteria increased significantly when B. subtilis and T. harzianum were applied together. These results showed that fertilizer applied after fumigation can increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the soil within a short period of time, which improved the soil's fertility, ecological balance and potentially crop quality and yield.
虽然熏蒸剂可以有效地控制土壤传播疾病，但除非开发出在熏蒸后鼓励它们生存的方法，否则它们通常对有益微生物有害。由于 1,3-二氯丙烯 (1,3-D) 对病原线虫和杂草的有效管理，因此被广泛用于土壤熏蒸。在对连续生产超过 20 年的番茄土壤进行 1,3-D 熏蒸后，单独或一起添加枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉肥料（或腐植酸）。我们评估了这些肥料处理对土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响，以及这些变化对有益细菌的影响。熏蒸后施用的肥料增加了铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、有效钾和有机质的含量，并促进了 pH 值和电导率的增加。土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性在熏蒸后增加。使用遗传分析技术对细菌进行分类鉴定表明，熏蒸后施用的肥料增加了放线菌的丰度和生物防治属 Sphingomona、Pseudomonas、Bacillus 和 Lysobacter 的相对丰度。当枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉一起施用时，这些有益细菌的丰度显著增加。这些结果表明，熏蒸后施用肥料可以在短时间内增加土壤中有益微生物的丰度，从而提高土壤肥力、生态平衡，并可能提高作物质量和产量。
