Khan Andleeb, Jahan Sadaf, Imtiyaz Zuha, Alshahrani Saeed, Antar Makeen Hafiz, Mohammed Alshehri Bader, Kumar Ajay, Arafah Azher, Rehman Muneeb U
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia.
Biomedicines. 2020 Aug 12;8(8):284. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8080284.
With the increase in the expectancy of the life span of humans, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have imposed a considerable burden on the family, society, and nation. In defiance of the breakthroughs in the knowledge of the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of various NDs, very little success has been achieved in developing effective therapies. This review draws a bead on the availability of the nutraceuticals to date for various NDs (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Prion disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Spinal muscular atrophy, Frontotemporal dementia, and Pick's disease) focusing on their various mechanisms of action in various in vivo and in vitro models of NDs. This review is distinctive in its compilation to critically review preclinical and clinical studies of the maximum phytochemicals in amelioration and prevention of almost all kinds of neurodegenerative diseases and address their possible mechanism of action. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library searches were used for preclinical studies, while ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were searched for clinical updates. The results from preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacious effects of the phytochemicals in various NDs while clinical reports showing mixed results with promise for phytochemical use as an adjunct to the conventional treatment in various NDs. These studies together suggest that phytochemicals can significantly act upon different mechanisms of disease such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic pathways, and gene regulation. However, further clinical studies are needed that should include the appropriate biomarkers of NDs and the effect of phytochemicals on them as well as targeting the appropriate population.
随着人类预期寿命的增加，神经退行性疾病给家庭、社会和国家带来了相当大的负担。尽管在各种神经退行性疾病的发病机制和潜在机制方面取得了突破，但在开发有效治疗方法方面却收效甚微。本综述聚焦于迄今为止各种神经退行性疾病（阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、亨廷顿舞蹈病、血管性认知障碍、朊病毒病、脊髓小脑共济失调、脊髓性肌萎缩症、额颞叶痴呆和匹克氏病）的营养保健品可用性，重点关注它们在各种神经退行性疾病的体内和体外模型中的不同作用机制。本综述的独特之处在于其汇编内容，批判性地回顾了几乎所有类型神经退行性疾病改善和预防中最大量植物化学物质的临床前和临床研究，并探讨了它们可能的作用机制。使用PubMed、Embase和Cochrane图书馆检索进行临床前研究，同时在ClinicalTrials.gov和PubMed上检索临床更新信息。临床前研究结果表明植物化学物质在各种神经退行性疾病中具有有效作用，而临床报告显示结果不一，但有望将植物化学物质用作各种神经退行性疾病传统治疗的辅助手段。这些研究共同表明，植物化学物质可以显著作用于疾病的不同机制，如氧化应激炎症、凋亡途径和基因调控。然而，还需要进一步的临床研究，应包括神经退行性疾病的适当生物标志物以及植物化学物质对它们的影响，并针对适当的人群。
