Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 28;22(11):5795. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115795.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatments for most NDs. Meanwhile, numerous studies conducted on human and animal models over the past decades have showed that exercises had beneficial effects on NDs. Inter-tissue communication by myokine, a peptide produced and secreted by skeletal muscles during exercise, is thought to be an important underlying mechanism for the advantages. Here, we reviewed studies about the effects of myokines regulated by exercise on NDs and their mechanisms. Myokines could exert beneficial effects on NDs through a variety of regulatory mechanisms, including cell survival, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, proteostasis, oxidative stress, and protein modification. Studies on exercise-induced myokines are expected to provide a novel strategy for treating NDs, for which there are no adequate treatments nowadays. To date, only a few myokines have been investigated for their effects on NDs and studies on mechanisms involved in them are in their infancy. Therefore, future studies are needed to discover more myokines and test their effects on NDs.
神经退行性疾病（NDs），如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS），是神经系统进行性退化的疾病。目前，大多数 NDs 没有改变疾病进程的治疗方法。同时，过去几十年在人类和动物模型上进行的大量研究表明，运动对 NDs 有有益的影响。运动时骨骼肌产生和分泌的多肽肌因子介导的组织间通讯被认为是其发挥优势的重要潜在机制。在这里，我们回顾了运动调节的肌因子对 NDs 的影响及其机制的研究。肌因子可以通过多种调节机制对 NDs 发挥有益的影响，包括细胞存活、神经发生、神经炎症、蛋白稳态、氧化应激和蛋白质修饰。对运动诱导的肌因子的研究有望为治疗目前尚无有效治疗方法的 NDs 提供新的策略。迄今为止，只有少数肌因子被研究过对 NDs 的影响，而涉及其中的机制的研究还处于起步阶段。因此，需要进一步的研究来发现更多的肌因子，并测试它们对 NDs 的影响。
