Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea.
Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 12;21(16):5790. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165790.
Triclosan (TCS) is included in various healthcare products because of its antimicrobial activity; therefore, many humans are exposed to TCS daily. While detrimental effects of TCS exposure have been reported in various species and cell types, the effects of TCS exposure on early embryonic development are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if TCS exerts toxic effects during early embryonic development using porcine parthenogenetic embryos in vitro. Porcine parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in in vitro culture medium with 50 or 100 µM TCS for 6 days. Developmental parameters including cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, developmental kinetics, and the number of blastomeres were assessed. To determine the toxic effects of TCS, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction were assessed. TCS exposure resulted in a significant decrease in 2-cell rate and blastocyst formation rate, as well as number of blastomeres, but not in the cleavage rate. TCS also increased the number of apoptotic blastomeres and the production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, TCS treatment resulted in a diffuse distribution of mitochondria and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results showed that TCS exposure impaired porcine early embryonic development by inducing DNA damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
三氯生（TCS）因其抗菌活性而被包含在各种保健产品中；因此，许多人每天都接触 TCS。尽管已经在各种物种和细胞类型中报道了 TCS 暴露的有害影响，但 TCS 暴露对早期胚胎发育的影响在很大程度上是未知的。本研究旨在使用猪孤雌胚胎体外确定 TCS 是否在早期胚胎发育过程中产生毒性作用。猪孤雌胚胎在含有 50 或 100µM TCS 的体外培养液中培养 6 天。评估了包括卵裂和囊胚形成率、发育动力学和卵裂球数量在内的发育参数。为了确定 TCS 的毒性作用，评估了细胞凋亡、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍。TCS 暴露导致 2-细胞率和囊胚形成率以及卵裂球数量显著下降，但卵裂率没有下降。TCS 还增加了凋亡卵裂球的数量和活性氧的产生。最后，TCS 处理导致线粒体弥散分布和线粒体膜电位降低。我们的结果表明，TCS 暴露通过诱导 DNA 损伤、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍损害猪早期胚胎发育。
