Section on Clinical Genomics & Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA.
Pharmacogenomics. 2020 Oct;21(15):1117-1138. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0079. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Pharmacotherapies for AUD are limited, thus making identification of patient subgroups that are most likely to respond favorably crucial. In this article, pharmacogenetic research on US FDA-approved and commonly prescribed off-label medications for the treatment of AUD is comprehensively reviewed. While the field has advanced in understanding pharmacotherapies for AUD and potential genetic moderators of treatment responses, the pharmacogenetic data to guide the prescribing clinician are limited and should be interpreted with caution. Precision medicine for AUD with more beneficial treatment responses and minimal side effects remains a high priority for further research.
酒精使用障碍（AUD）在美国的发病率很高，是发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。用于 AUD 的药物治疗有限，因此确定最有可能做出有利反应的患者亚组至关重要。本文全面综述了美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的、常用于 AUD 治疗的药物和常见的非标签药物的药物遗传学研究。尽管该领域在理解 AUD 的药物治疗和治疗反应的潜在遗传调节剂方面取得了进展，但指导处方临床医生的药物遗传学数据有限，应谨慎解释。具有更好的治疗反应和最小副作用的 AUD 精准医学仍然是进一步研究的重中之重。
