Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia.
Food Funct. 2020 Sep 23;11(9):7793-7803. doi: 10.1039/d0fo00946f.
Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extracts (CE) are rich in polyphenols and usually exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. We have previously shown that the CE used in this study activated macrophages and stimulated effector T cell differentiation in vitro. When applied orally to healthy mice, CE increased the proportion of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. CE-pretreated BALB/c mice readily eradicated orally ingested Listeria monocytogenes as evidenced by a slighter decrease in body weight and number of bacteria recovered from the spleen and reduced spleen size compared to the control infected mice. CE pretreatment in infected mice resulted in higher proportions of CD11b+ macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells both in the gut and the spleen. Phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and the proportions of activated CD86+ macrophages (CD11b+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+) were also enhanced in CE-pretreated infected mice. Furthermore, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6 was increased in CE-pretreated infected mice and similar results were obtained in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. This effect of CE was associated with increased phosphorylation of IκB and Notch1 production. Finally, CE pretreatment elevated the proportion of perforin-producing cells in the spleen compared to control infected mice. This study demonstrates that prophylactic treatment with CE leads to more rapid eradication of bacterial infection with L. monocytogenes predominantly through increased activity of myeloid cells in the gut and in the spleen.
黑果腺肋花楸果提取物（CE）富含多酚，通常具有免疫调节、抗病毒和抗细菌作用。我们之前的研究表明，本研究中使用的 CE 可激活巨噬细胞，并刺激效应 T 细胞在体外分化。当口服给予健康小鼠时，CE 增加了肠道相关淋巴组织中 CD11c+树突状细胞的比例。与对照感染小鼠相比，CE 预处理 BALB/c 小鼠更容易根除经口摄入的李斯特菌单核细胞增生症，表现为体重下降幅度较小，从脾脏中回收的细菌数量减少，脾脏缩小。与对照感染小鼠相比，CE 预处理感染小鼠的肠道和脾脏中 CD11b+巨噬细胞和 CD8+细胞毒性 T 细胞的比例更高。CE 预处理感染小鼠的吞噬作用、活性氧物质的产生以及激活的 CD86+巨噬细胞（CD11b+）和树突状细胞（CD11c+）的比例也得到增强。此外，CE 预处理感染小鼠中诱导型一氧化氮合酶和 IL-6 的表达增加，体外腹腔巨噬细胞也得到了类似的结果。CE 的这种作用与 IκB 的磷酸化和 Notch1 产生的增加有关。最后，CE 预处理使脾脏中产生穿孔素的细胞比例高于对照感染小鼠。本研究表明，CE 的预防性治疗可通过增加肠道和脾脏中髓样细胞的活性，导致李斯特菌单核细胞增生症的细菌感染更快被根除。
