1Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
2WaterAid Tanzania, Tanzania.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Oct;103(4):1726-1734. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0551.
Formative research findings from the fast-growing Babati town were used to assess the prevalence of sanitation and hygiene practices among individuals and institutions and associated factors. A cross-sectional study involving household surveys, spot-checks, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and structured observations of behaviors showed that 90% of households have sanitation facilities, but 68% have safely managed sanitation services. The most common types of household sanitation facilities were pit latrines with slab (42%) followed by flush/pour flush toilets (32%). Therefore, the management of wastewater depends entirely on onsite sanitation systems. The majority of households (70%) do not practice proper hygiene behaviors. Thirteen percent of the households had handwashing stations with soap and water, handwashing practice being more common to women (38%) than men (18%). The reported handwashing practices during the four critical moments (handwashing with soap before eating and feeding, after defecation, after cleaning child's bottom, and after touching any dirt/dust) differed from the actual/observed practices. Households connected to the town's piped water supply were more likely to practice handwashing than those not directly connected. Sanitation and hygiene behaviors of the people in the study area were seen to be influenced by sociodemographic, cultural, and economic factors. The conditions of sanitation and hygiene facilities in public places were unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need to ensure that the sanitation and hygiene services and behaviors along the value chain (from waste production/source to disposal/end point) are improved both at the household level and in public places through improved sanitation services and the promotion of effective hygiene behavior change programs integrated into ongoing government programs and planning.
从快速发展的巴巴蒂镇获得的形成性研究结果用于评估个人和机构中卫生和个人卫生习惯的流行情况以及相关因素。一项涉及家庭调查、抽查、焦点小组讨论、深入访谈和行为结构观察的横断面研究表明，90%的家庭拥有卫生设施，但 68%的家庭拥有安全管理的卫生服务。最常见的家用卫生设施类型是带石板的坑式厕所（42%），其次是冲水/倾水马桶（32%）。因此，废水的管理完全依赖于现场卫生系统。大多数家庭（70%）没有养成良好的卫生习惯。只有 13%的家庭设有带肥皂和水的洗手站，洗手的习惯在女性（38%）中比男性（18%）更为普遍。报告的在四个关键时间点（吃东西和喂食前、便后、清洁儿童臀部后和接触任何污垢/灰尘后用肥皂洗手）的洗手习惯与实际/观察到的习惯不同。与未直接连接的家庭相比，连接到城镇管道供水的家庭更有可能洗手。研究地区人们的卫生和个人卫生行为受到社会人口、文化和经济因素的影响。公共场所卫生和个人卫生设施的状况不尽如人意。迫切需要确保从废物产生/源头到处置/终点沿着价值链的卫生和个人卫生服务和行为得到改善，这不仅要在家庭层面，还要在公共场所通过改善卫生服务和促进有效的个人卫生行为改变方案来实现，这些方案要整合到正在进行的政府方案和规划中。
