Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
WaterAid Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 21;17(7):e0270688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270688. eCollection 2022.
Sub-Sahara African countries face immense challenges in ensuring adequate sanitation and hygiene behaviours to the rapidly growing populations. Attempts to address these challenges require empirical evidence to inform policy and planning. We contribute toward that goal by unveiling findings of formative research conducted in Babati, a rapidly growing town in Tanzania. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 486 households, to unwind motives and barriers for individuals to invest in improved sanitation services and hygiene behaviour change. We used several methods including household survey, focus group discussions, behaviour observations and spot checks. The findings revealed that households derive their motivation to invest in improved sanitation and hygiene practices from comfort, raising social status, and the need for personal safety and privacy. Other motives include fear of penalties and fines and fear of disease outbreaks, whilst the barriers include, limited water availability and accessibility, environmental factors, property rights, cultural issues, financial constraints, and a person's attitude. Quantitative data were subjected to multivariate analysis to identify determinants of households to invest in sanitation and hygiene practices. The logistic regression analyses revealed that sources of water, property rights, and education level were the main determinants of households to invest in sanitation and hygiene facilities, while household income was the main determinant for households to invest in both construction of handwashing facility and water treatment. We argue that the initiative to promote sanitation and hygiene behaviour change in small towns should focus on promoting motivation factors and abating the determinant factors identified in this study.
撒哈拉以南非洲国家在确保快速增长的人口获得足够的环境卫生和个人卫生行为方面面临巨大挑战。解决这些挑战的尝试需要实证证据来为政策和规划提供信息。我们通过揭示在坦桑尼亚快速发展的城镇巴巴蒂进行的形成性研究的结果，为实现这一目标做出了贡献。我们进行了一项横断面研究，涉及 486 户家庭，以揭示个人投资改善环境卫生服务和个人卫生行为改变的动机和障碍。我们使用了几种方法，包括家庭调查、焦点小组讨论、行为观察和现场检查。研究结果表明，家庭投资改善环境卫生和个人卫生实践的动机来自舒适、提高社会地位以及个人安全和隐私的需求。其他动机包括对罚款和罚款的恐惧以及对疾病爆发的恐惧，而障碍包括有限的水供应和可及性、环境因素、财产权、文化问题、财务限制以及个人态度。定量数据进行了多变量分析，以确定家庭投资环境卫生和个人卫生实践的决定因素。逻辑回归分析表明，水源、财产权和教育水平是家庭投资环境卫生设施的主要决定因素，而家庭收入是家庭投资洗手设施和水处理的主要决定因素。我们认为，在小城镇推动环境卫生和个人卫生行为改变的举措应侧重于促进确定的动机因素，并减轻本研究中确定的决定因素。
