Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 13;17(16):5888. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165888.
Caregivers of severely ill individuals often struggle to adjust to new responsibilities and roles while experiencing negative psychological outcomes that include depression, anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This systematic review aims to outline potential risk and protective factors for the development of PTSD in caregivers of adult subjects affected by severe somatic, potentially life-threatening illnesses. Twenty-nine studies on caregivers of adult patients affected by severe, acute, or chronic somatic diseases have been included. Eligibility criteria included: full-text publications reporting primary, empirical data; PTSD in caregivers of adult subjects affected by severe physical illnesses; risk and/or protective factors related to PTSD; and English language. Specific sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, besides the illness-related distress, familiar relationships, exposure characteristics, coping style, and support, were identified as relevant risk/protective factors for PTSD. The review limitations are the small number of studies; studies on different types of diseases; studies with same samples. It is crucial to consider factors affecting caregivers of severely ill adult patients in order to plan effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of an adverse mental health outcome and at enhancing the psychological endurance of this population.
重病患者的护理人员在适应新的责任和角色时常常感到困难，同时还会经历包括抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在内的负面心理后果。本系统评价旨在概述成年重症躯体疾病患者护理人员 PTSD 发展的潜在风险和保护因素。共纳入了 29 项关于成年重症、急性或慢性躯体疾病患者护理人员的研究。入选标准包括：全文发表的报告主要实证数据的出版物；成年重症躯体疾病患者护理人员 PTSD；与 PTSD 相关的风险和/或保护因素；以及英语语言。除了与疾病相关的痛苦、家庭关系、暴露特征、应对方式和支持外，特定的社会人口学和社会经济学特征被确定为 PTSD 的相关风险/保护因素。本综述的局限性在于研究数量较少；研究涉及不同类型的疾病；研究采用相同的样本。考虑影响重病成年患者护理人员的因素至关重要，以便制定有效的干预策略，旨在降低不良心理健康结果的风险，并增强该人群的心理承受能力。
