Richins Matt T, Gauntlett Louis, Tehrani Noreen, Hesketh Ian, Weston Dale, Carter Holly, Amlôt Richard
Behavioural Science Team, Emergency Response Department Science and Technology, Health Protection and Medical Directorate, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
Crisis, Disaster, and Trauma Section, British Psychological Society (Member of Standing Committee EFPA), Leicester, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 25;11:1176. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01176. eCollection 2020.
In some organizations, traumatic events direct or indirect exposure are routine experiences. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence reviews (2005; 2018) of post-traumatic stress disorder management in primary and secondary care did not address early interventions for trauma within emergency response organizations.
This scoping review was designed to identify research which evaluates the use of early interventions in emergency and other high-risk organizations following exposure to primary or secondary trauma and to report on the effectiveness of the early intervention models in common use.
A scoping review was conducted to examine early interventions for workers exposed to trauma, including emergency response, military, and humanitarian aid. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies and the outcomes were assessed using meta-ethnography.
Fifty studies of mixed quality met the inclusion criteria for this review. A synthesis of study outcomes found that early interventions help emergency responders to manage post-incident trauma when they are delivered in a manner that (a) respects distinct organizational culture, (b) is supported by organizations and senior management, and (c) harnesses existing social cohesion and peer support systems within teams.
This review demonstrates that early interventions support emergency responders following exposure to trauma when these are tailored to the needs of the population, are supported by the host organization, and harness existing social cohesion and peer support processes within a team or unit. A number of recommendations for the delivery and evaluation of early interventions for psychological trauma in emergency response organizations were made.
在一些组织中，直接或间接接触创伤性事件是常规经历。英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所（2005年；2018年）对初级和二级医疗中创伤后应激障碍管理的审查未涉及应急响应组织内针对创伤的早期干预措施。
本范围综述旨在识别评估在经历一级或二级创伤后应急和其他高风险组织中早期干预措施使用情况的研究，并报告常用早期干预模式的有效性。
进行了一项范围综述，以研究针对遭受创伤的工作人员的早期干预措施，包括应急响应、军事和人道主义援助方面。从纳入研究中提取相关数据，并使用元民族志评估结果。
50项质量参差不齐的研究符合本综述的纳入标准。对研究结果的综合分析发现，当早期干预措施以以下方式实施时，有助于应急响应人员管理事件后的创伤：（a）尊重独特的组织文化；（b）得到组织和高级管理层的支持；（c）利用团队内部现有的社会凝聚力和同伴支持系统。
本综述表明，当早期干预措施根据人群需求进行调整、得到所在组织支持并利用团队或单位内部现有的社会凝聚力和同伴支持流程时，可支持应急响应人员在遭受创伤后恢复。针对应急响应组织中心理创伤早期干预措施的实施和评估提出了一些建议。
