Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020 Aug 21;21(7):238. doi: 10.1208/s12249-020-01757-2.
Respiratory tract is one of the oldest routes for drug delivery. It can be used for local and systemic drug deliveries. Inhalation therapy has several advantages over oral. It delivers the drug efficiently to the lung with minimal systemic exposure, thus avoiding systemic side effects common with oral route. In this review, different types of inhaler devices are illustrated like metered dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), nebulizers, and the new soft mist inhalers (SMIs). Since dry powder is more stable than when in liquid form, we will discuss in detail DPIs highlighting different techniques utilized in preparation of dry powders with or without carrier to improve flowability and drug delivery to deep lungs. Types of DPIs are briefly discussed with examples from the market. Several mechanisms for particle deposition are mentioned with factors governing the process. Pharmacokinetic profile of the inhaled particles is detailed starting from the dissolution, followed by the rapid absorption and ending with systemic clearance. New technologies like 3D printing in pulmonary field are also highlighted.
呼吸道是药物输送的最古老途径之一。它可用于局部和全身药物输送。与口服相比，吸入疗法具有许多优势。它将药物有效地输送到肺部，全身暴露最小，从而避免了口服途径常见的全身副作用。在这篇综述中，我们展示了不同类型的吸入器装置，例如计量吸入器（MDI）、干粉吸入器（DPI）、雾化器和新型软雾吸入器（SMI）。由于干粉比液体形式更稳定，我们将详细讨论 DPI，重点介绍在制备干粉时使用或不使用载体来改善流动性和药物输送到肺部深处的不同技术。简要讨论了 DPI 的类型，并举例说明了市场上的产品。提到了几种颗粒沉积机制以及影响该过程的因素。详细描述了吸入颗粒的药代动力学特征，从溶解开始，接着是快速吸收，最后是全身清除。还强调了肺部领域的 3D 打印等新技术。
