Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
Pharmaceutical Technology Center, Department of Aerosol, Zydus Life Sciences Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Pharm Res. 2022 Nov;39(11):2831-2855. doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03286-y. Epub 2022 May 12.
Respiratory disorders pose a major threat to the morbidity and mortality to public health. Here we reviewed the nanotechnology based pulmonary drug delivery using metered dose inhalers.
Major respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma, acute lower respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer. At present, common treatments for respiratory disorders include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy or a combination. The major challenge is development of systemic delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents to the respiratory system. Conventional delivery of chemotherapy has various limitation and adverse side effected. Hence, targeted, and systemic delivery need to be developed. Towards this direction nanotechnology, based controlled, targeted, and systemic drug delivery systems are potential candidate to enhance therapeutic efficacy with minimum side effect. Among different route of administration, pulmonary delivery has unique benefits such as circumvents first pass hepatic metabolism and reduces dose and side effects.
Respiratory disorders pose a major threat to the morbidity and mortality to public health globally. Pulmonary delivery can be achieved through various drug delivery devices such as nebulizers, dry powder inhalers, and metered dose inhalers. Among them, metered dose inhalers are the most interesting and first choice of clinician over others. This review focused on nanotechnology based pulmonary drug delivery using metered dose inhalers. This report focused on delivery of various types of therapeutics using nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles and micelles, dendrimers, lipid nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanostructures and nanostructured lipid carriers, and other using metered dose inhalers discussed comprehensively. This report provides insight about the effect of parameters of MDI such as co-solvent, propellants, actuators shape, nozzle diameters, and jet lengths, and respiratory flow rate, and particle size of co-suspension of drug on aerodynamics and lung deposition of formulation. This review also provided the insight about various metered dose inhalers market scenario and digital metered dose inhalers.
This report concluded the clinical potential of metered dose inhalers, summary of current progress and future perspectives towards the smart digital metered dose inhalers development.
呼吸疾病对公众健康的发病率和死亡率构成重大威胁。在这里，我们回顾了基于纳米技术的定量吸入器肺部药物输送。
主要的呼吸系统疾病，如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘、急性下呼吸道感染、结核病（TB）和肺癌。目前，治疗呼吸系统疾病的常见方法包括手术、放疗、免疫疗法、化疗或联合疗法。主要的挑战是开发化学治疗剂向呼吸系统的全身输送。传统的化疗药物输送有各种限制和不良的副作用。因此，需要开发靶向和系统的输送。在这一方向上，基于纳米技术的控制、靶向和系统药物输送系统是提高疗效和减少副作用的潜在候选药物。在不同的给药途径中，肺部给药具有独特的优势，例如绕过首过肝代谢，减少剂量和副作用。
呼吸疾病对全球公众健康的发病率和死亡率构成重大威胁。肺部输送可以通过各种药物输送装置来实现，如雾化器、干粉吸入器和定量吸入器。在这些装置中，定量吸入器是临床医生最感兴趣和首选的装置。本综述重点介绍了基于定量吸入器的纳米技术肺部药物输送。本报告重点介绍了使用纳米载体（如聚合物纳米颗粒和胶束、树枝状大分子、脂质纳米载体如脂质体、固体脂质纳米结构和纳米结构脂质载体）以及使用定量吸入器讨论的其他类型治疗药物的输送。本报告提供了关于定量吸入器参数（如共溶剂、推进剂、致动器形状、喷嘴直径和射流长度以及呼吸气流率和药物共混悬液的颗粒大小）对制剂空气动力学和肺部沉积的影响的见解。本综述还提供了关于各种定量吸入器市场情况和数字定量吸入器的见解。
本报告总结了定量吸入器的临床潜力，概述了当前的进展和未来的展望，朝着智能数字定量吸入器的发展方向。
