Hallan Supandeep Singh, Ferrara Francesca, Sguizzato Maddalena, Cortesi Rita
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Aug 17;14(8):1007. doi: 10.3390/antiox14081007.
Oxidative stress is one of the key elements in lung-related complications such as cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic airway diseases, lung cancer, COVID-19, and many others. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy can be considered as supportive alternatives in their management. However, most naturally derived antioxidants face issues with poor aqueous solubility and stability, which hinder their clinical utility. Remarkably, local pulmonary delivery circumvents the severe limitations of oral delivery, including hepatic first-pass metabolism and organ toxicity, and enables a higher drug payload in the lungs. Here, in this review, we present cyclodextrin as a potential drug carrier for pulmonary administration, exploring the possibilities of its surface modification, complexation with other drug transporters, and loading of cannabidiols, siRNA, and antibodies as future trends. However, the lack of a robust physiological model for assessing the efficacy of lung-oriented drug targeting is a significant concern in its path to clinical and commercial success.
氧化应激是与肺部相关并发症（如囊性纤维化、急性肺损伤、肺动脉高压、支气管肺发育不良、慢性气道疾病、肺癌、COVID-19等）的关键因素之一。抗氧化和抗炎治疗可被视为其治疗中的支持性替代方案。然而，大多数天然来源的抗氧化剂存在水溶性和稳定性差的问题，这阻碍了它们的临床应用。值得注意的是，肺部局部给药规避了口服给药的严重局限性，包括肝脏首过代谢和器官毒性，并能在肺部实现更高的药物载量。在此综述中，我们介绍环糊精作为肺部给药的潜在药物载体，探讨其表面修饰、与其他药物转运体络合以及负载大麻二醇、小干扰RNA和抗体等的可能性，作为未来的发展趋势。然而，缺乏用于评估肺部靶向药物疗效的强大生理模型是其走向临床和商业成功道路上的一个重大问题。
