Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Exp Cell Res. 2020 Oct 15;395(2):112240. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112240. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
Cells are continuously subject to various stresses, battling both exogenous insults as well as toxic by-products of normal cellular metabolism and nutrient deprivation. Throughout the millennia, cells developed a core set of general stress responses that promote survival and reproduction under adverse circumstances. Past and current research efforts have been devoted to understanding how cells sense stressors and how that input is deciphered and transduced, resulting in stimulation of stress management pathways. A prime element of cellular stress responses is the increased transcription and translation of proteins specialized in managing and mitigating distinct types of stress. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of cellular sensing of proteotoxic stressors that impact protein synthesis, folding, and maturation provided by the model eukaryote the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with reference to similarities and differences with other model organisms and humans.
细胞不断受到各种压力的影响，既要应对外源侵袭，又要应对正常细胞代谢和营养缺乏产生的有毒副产物。在整个历史进程中，细胞形成了一套核心的通用应激反应机制，以促进在不利环境下的生存和繁殖。过去和现在的研究工作都致力于了解细胞如何感知应激源，以及如何对输入信息进行解码和转导，从而刺激应激管理途径。细胞应激反应的主要组成部分是专门用于管理和减轻不同类型应激的蛋白质的转录和翻译增加。在这篇综述中，我们专注于对模式真核生物芽殖酵母酿酒酵母中细胞感知影响蛋白质合成、折叠和成熟的蛋白毒性应激源的最新理解的发展，同时参考了与其他模式生物和人类的异同。
