Grijalva-Otero Israel
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Ciudad de México, México.
Gac Med Mex. 2020;156(4):339-343. doi: 10.24875/GMM.20000307.
The disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) spread rapidly from China to the entire world. Approximately one third of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have neurological disorders, especially those classified as severe cases and that require mechanical ventilation. On the other hand, almost nine out of 10 patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit could not breathe spontaneously, thus requiring invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support. So far, whether early neurological disorders such as hyposmia or anosmia, dysgeusia or ageusia, headache and vertigo are significant in the progression to the severe form of the disease or whether they are related to entry to the central nervous system via peripheral nerves has not been determined. Considering the great similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and that the severity of the condition that leads to death cannot be explained solely by lung involvement, it is important to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 potential invasion to the central nervous system is partially responsible for the severe respiratory component observed in patients with COVID-19.
新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发的疾病（2019冠状病毒病）迅速从中国蔓延至全球。约三分之一感染SARS-CoV-2的患者患有神经功能障碍，尤其是那些被归类为重症且需要机械通气的患者。另一方面，入住重症监护病房的患者中，几乎十分之九无法自主呼吸，因此需要有创和无创通气支持。到目前为止，诸如嗅觉减退或嗅觉丧失、味觉障碍或味觉丧失、头痛和眩晕等早期神经功能障碍在疾病进展为重症形式过程中是否具有重要意义，或者它们是否与病毒通过外周神经进入中枢神经系统有关，尚未确定。鉴于SARS-CoV与SARS-CoV-2之间存在极大相似性，且导致死亡的病情严重程度不能仅通过肺部受累来解释，确定SARS-CoV-2对中枢神经系统的潜在侵袭是否部分导致了2019冠状病毒病患者出现严重的呼吸症状很重要。
