呼吸道感染和合并感染：地理和人群模式。

Respiratory infections and coinfections: geographical and population patterns.

机构信息

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Ciudad de México, México.

出版信息

Gac Med Mex. 2020;156(4):265-272. doi: 10.24875/GMM.20000082.

DOI:10.24875/GMM.20000082

PMID:32831337

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Acute respiratory infections are the second cause of mortality in children younger than five years, with 150.7 million episodes per year. Human orthopneumovirus (hOPV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the first and second causes of bronchiolitis; type 2 human orthorubulavirus (hORUV) has been associated with pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.

OBJECTIVE

To define hOPV, hMPV and hORUV geographical distribution and circulation patterns.

METHOD

An observational, prospective cross-sectional pilot study was carried out. Two-hundred viral strains obtained from pediatric patients were genotyped by endpoint reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTS

One-hundred and eighty-six positive samples were typed: 84 hOPV, 43 hMPV, two hORUV and 57 co-infection specimens. Geographical distribution was plotted. hMPV, hOPV, and hORUV cumulative incidences were 0.215, 0.42, and 0.01, respectively. Cumulative incidence of hMPV-hORUV and hMPV-hOPV coinfection was 0.015 and 0.23; for hOPV-hMPV-hORUV, 0.035; and for hORUV-hOPV, 0.005. The largest number of positive cases of circulating or co-circulating viruses occurred between January and March.

CONCLUSIONS

This study successfully identified circulation and geographical distribution patterns of the different viruses, as well as of viral co-infections.

摘要

简介

急性呼吸道感染是五岁以下儿童死亡的第二大原因，每年有 1.507 亿例。人偏肺病毒（hOPV）和人呼吸道合胞病毒（hMPV）是毛细支气管炎的第一和第二大病因；2 型人正呼肠孤病毒（hORUV）已与免疫功能低下患者的肺炎相关。

目的

定义 hOPV、hMPV 和 hORUV 的地理分布和循环模式。

方法

进行了一项观察性、前瞻性、横断面的试点研究。通过终点逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对从儿科患者中获得的 200 株病毒株进行了基因分型。

结果

186 个阳性样本被分型：84 株 hOPV、43 株 hMPV、2 株 hORUV 和 57 株混合感染标本。绘制了地理分布图。hMPV、hOPV 和 hORUV 的累积发病率分别为 0.215、0.42 和 0.01。hMPV-hORUV 和 hMPV-hOPV 混合感染的累积发病率分别为 0.015 和 0.23；hOPV-hMPV-hORUV 为 0.035；hORUV-hOPV 为 0.005。循环或共同循环病毒的阳性病例数量最多发生在 1 月至 3 月之间。