Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Inés Tecuexcomac, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México.
Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 13;13(1):19763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47035-6.
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. The causative pathogens show geographic and seasonal variations. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency and seasonality of respiratory pathogens in children and adolescents (age: 0-19 years) with ARIs treated between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at a single center in Mexico. Out of 2400 patients, 1,603 were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 797 were diagnosed with other common respiratory pathogens (CRPs). Of the 797 patients, 632 were infected with one CRP and 165 with > 2 CRPs. Deaths occurred only in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus B, and parainfluenza virus 3 were the most prevalent in cases with single and multiple infections. CRP showed a high frequency between autumn and winter of 2021, with higher incidence of hospitalization compared to COVID-19. The main comorbidities were immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease (CD), and asthma. The frequency of CRPs showed a downward trend throughout the first half of 2021. CRPs increased in single- and co-infection cases between the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19, probably due to decreased nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in diagnostic tests. Age, cyanosis (symptom), and immunosuppression (comorbidity) were found to differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 infection and CRP infection.
急性呼吸道感染（ARI）是儿童发病率和死亡率的主要原因。病原体具有地理和季节性差异。我们回顾性评估了 2021 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 31 日在墨西哥一家单一中心治疗的患有 ARI 的儿童和青少年（年龄：0-19 岁）的呼吸道病原体的频率和季节性。在 2400 名患者中，1603 名被诊断为 SARS-CoV-2 感染，797 名被诊断为其他常见呼吸道病原体（CRPs）。在 797 名患者中，632 名感染了一种 CRP，165 名感染了>2 种 CRP。只有 SARS-CoV-2 感染的患者死亡。在单感染和多重感染中，鼻病毒/肠道病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒 B 和副流感病毒 3 最为常见。CRP 在 2021 年秋冬两季的频率较高，与 COVID-19 相比，住院率更高。主要合并症为免疫抑制、心血管疾病（CD）和哮喘。2021 年上半年，CRPs 的频率呈下降趋势。在 COVID-19 的第四和第五波期间，单感染和共感染病例中的 CRPs 增加，可能是由于非药物干预措施减少和诊断测试变化所致。年龄、发绀（症状）和免疫抑制（合并症）可区分 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 CRP 感染。
