Braga Emidio Nayara, Brierley Stuart M, Schroeder Christina I, Muttenthaler Markus
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medicial Research Insittitue (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2020 Jun 9;3(4):583-597. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00023. eCollection 2020 Aug 14.
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are key players in protecting, maintaining, and repairing the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, they have the therapeutic potential to treat and prevent a variety of gastrointestinal disorders associated with mucosal damage. TFF peptides share a conserved motif, including three disulfide bonds that stabilize a well-defined three-loop-structure reminiscent of a trefoil. Although multiple functions have been described for TFF peptides, their mechanisms at the molecular level remain poorly understood. This review presents the of TFF research relating to gastrointestinal disorders. Putative TFF receptors and protein partners are described and critically evaluated. The therapeutic potential of these peptides in gastrointestinal disorders where altered mucosal biology plays a crucial role in the underlying etiology is discussed. Finally, areas of investigation that require further research are addressed. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive update on TFF literature as well as guidance toward future research to better understand this peptide family and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
三叶因子家族肽（TFF1、TFF2和TFF3）是保护、维持和修复胃肠道的关键因子。因此，它们具有治疗和预防多种与粘膜损伤相关的胃肠道疾病的潜力。TFF肽具有一个保守基序，包括三个二硫键，这些二硫键稳定了一个明确的三环状结构，类似于三叶形。尽管已经描述了TFF肽的多种功能，但其在分子水平上的机制仍知之甚少。本综述介绍了与胃肠道疾病相关的TFF研究现状。对推定的TFF受体和蛋白质伴侣进行了描述和批判性评估。讨论了这些肽在胃肠道疾病中的治疗潜力，其中粘膜生物学改变在潜在病因中起着关键作用。最后，阐述了需要进一步研究的领域。因此，本综述全面更新了TFF文献，并为未来研究提供了指导，以更好地理解这个肽家族及其治疗胃肠道疾病的潜力。
