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Yeast-expressed SARS-CoV recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD219-N1) formulated with aluminum hydroxide induces protective immunity and reduces immune enhancement.酵母表达的 SARS-CoV 重组受体结合域（RBD219-N1）与氢氧化铝配制而成，可诱导保护性免疫，并降低免疫增强作用。
Vaccine. 2020 Nov 3;38(47):7533-7541. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.061. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
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The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice.严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在人血管紧张素转换酶2（hACE2）转基因小鼠中的致病性。
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Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19.新型冠状病毒肺炎的年龄相关性恒河猴模型。
Animal Model Exp Med. 2020 Mar 30;3(1):93-97. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12108. eCollection 2020 Mar.
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Molecular Characteristics, Functions, and Related Pathogenicity of MERS-CoV Proteins.中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）蛋白的分子特征、功能及相关致病性
Engineering (Beijing). 2019 Oct;5(5):940-947. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.035. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
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The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape.2019冠状病毒病疫苗的研发情况。
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Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2.雪貂、猫、狗和其他驯养动物对 SARS-CoV-2 的易感性。
Science. 2020 May 29;368(6494):1016-1020. doi: 10.1126/science.abb7015. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
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Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets.雪貂中 SARS-CoV-2 的感染和快速传播。
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Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.SARS-CoV-2 受体识别的结构基础。
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Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses.SARS-CoV-2 及其他 B 属β冠状病毒的细胞进入和受体使用功能评估。
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Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus.新型冠状病毒受体识别：基于 SARS 冠状病毒长达十年结构研究的分析。
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中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒疫苗的临床前研究概述。

An overview of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccines in preclinical studies.

机构信息

Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College , Hangzhou, China.

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN, USA.

出版信息

Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020 Sep;19(9):817-829. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1813574. Epub 2020 Sep 8.

DOI:10.1080/14760584.2020.1813574
PMID:32842811
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7755455/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes high mortality in humans. No vaccines are approved for use in humans; therefore, a consistent effort to develop safe and effective MERS vaccines is needed.

AREAS COVERED

This review describes the structure of MERS-CoV and the function of its proteins, summarizes MERS vaccine candidates under preclinical study (based on spike and non-spike structural proteins, inactivated virus, and live-attenuated virus), and highlights potential problems that could prevent these vaccines entering clinical trials. It provides guidance for the development of safe and effective MERS-CoV vaccines.

EXPERT OPINION

Although many MERS-CoV vaccines have been developed, most remain at the preclinical stage. Some vaccines demonstrate immunogenicity and efficacy in animal models, while others have potential adverse effects or low efficacy against high-dose or divergent virus strains. Novel strategies are needed to design safe and effective MERS vaccines to induce broad-spectrum immune responses and improve protective efficacy against multiple strains of MERS-CoV and MERS-like coronaviruses with pandemic potential. More funds should be invested to move vaccine candidates into human clinical trials.

摘要

简介

中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）可导致人类高死亡率。目前尚无获准用于人类的疫苗；因此，需要持续努力开发安全有效的 MERS 疫苗。

涵盖领域

本文综述了 MERS-CoV 的结构及其蛋白的功能，总结了处于临床前研究阶段的 MERS 疫苗候选物（基于刺突和非刺突结构蛋白、灭活病毒和减毒活病毒），并重点介绍了可能阻止这些疫苗进入临床试验的潜在问题。为开发安全有效的 MERS-CoV 疫苗提供了指导。

专家意见

尽管已经开发了许多 MERS-CoV 疫苗，但大多数仍处于临床前阶段。一些疫苗在动物模型中显示出免疫原性和疗效，而另一些疫苗则可能具有不良反应或对高剂量或不同病毒株的疗效较低。需要新的策略来设计安全有效的 MERS 疫苗，以诱导广谱免疫反应，并提高对多种 MERS-CoV 和具有大流行潜力的 MERS 样冠状病毒株的保护效力。应投入更多资金将疫苗候选物推进到人体临床试验中。