Du Lanying, Yang Yang, Zhang Xiujuan, Li Fang
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Nanoscale. 2022 Jan 27;14(4):1054-1074. doi: 10.1039/d1nr03831a.
COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic and millions of deaths. It is imperative to develop effective countermeasures against the causative viral agent, SARS-CoV-2 and its many variants. Vaccines and therapeutic antibodies are the most effective approaches for preventing and treating COVID-19, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the activities of the virus-surface spike (S) protein. Accordingly, the S protein is a prime target for vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Dealing with particles with dimensions on the scale of nanometers, nanotechnology has emerged as a critical tool for rapidly designing and developing safe, effective, and urgently needed vaccines and therapeutics to control the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, nanotechnology was key to the fast-track approval of two mRNA vaccines for their wide use in human populations. In this review article, we first explore the roles of nanotechnology in battling COVID-19, including protein nanoparticles (for presentation of protein vaccines), lipid nanoparticles (for formulation with mRNAs), and nanobodies (as unique therapeutic antibodies). We then summarize the currently available COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics based on nanotechnology.
新冠病毒已引发全球大流行并导致数百万人死亡。开发针对致病病毒病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）及其众多变体的有效应对措施势在必行。疫苗和治疗性抗体分别是预防和治疗新冠病毒的最有效方法。SARS-CoV-2通过病毒表面刺突（S）蛋白的作用进入宿主细胞。因此，S蛋白是疫苗和治疗性抗体的主要靶点。纳米技术涉及处理纳米尺度的颗粒，已成为快速设计和开发安全、有效且急需的疫苗和治疗方法以控制新冠疫情的关键工具。例如，纳米技术对于两种mRNA疫苗在人群中的广泛使用并获得快速批准起到了关键作用。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先探讨纳米技术在抗击新冠病毒中的作用，包括蛋白质纳米颗粒（用于蛋白质疫苗的呈递）、脂质纳米颗粒（用于与mRNA制剂）和纳米抗体（作为独特的治疗性抗体）。然后我们总结了基于纳米技术的目前可用的新冠疫苗和治疗方法。
