山植和园植人参中人参皂昔和人参低聚糖的特征。

The characteristics of ginsenosides and oligosaccharides in mountain- and garden-cultivated ginseng.

机构信息

College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.

National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

出版信息

J Sci Food Agric. 2021 Mar 15;101(4):1491-1498. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10762. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.10762

PMID:32844459

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The present study aimed to explore the chemical characteristics of mountainous forest cultivated ginseng (MFCG) and garden ginseng (GG) with respect to their ginsenosides and oligosaccharides.

METHODS

A high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection-evaporative light-scattering detection technique was adopted to investigate the ginseosides and oligosaccharides of GG and MFCG.

RESULTS

The features of ginsenosides showed Rg1/Re in different parts of GG and MFCG: main root > lateral root > fibrous root, as well as Rg1/Re in the main root: MFCG > GG, indicating that the Rg1/Re is related to age of the ginseng. In most cases, Rg1/Re < 1 in entire GG and Rg1/Re > 1 in entire MFCG. In addition, the ratio of protopanaxadiol/protopanaxatriol in main root of GG is approximately 1 and, in the main roots of MFCG, the ratio is approximately 2 and, furthermore, Ro/Rb1 of MFCG is lower than that of GG. Analysis of oligosaccharides showed that GG mainly contained sucrose and MFCG mainly contained sucrose and maltose, and the ratio of sucrose to maltose was at least more than 4:1 in GG and less than 4:1 in MFCG in most cases, indicating the characteristics of oligosaccharides of MFCG are primarily affected by its growing environment. The results also showed that ginsenoside Re is most probably the biosynthetic precursor of ginsenoside Rg1 (i.e. Re was synthesized first and then transformed to Rg1 in vivo).

CONCLUSION

The characteristics of Rg1/Re and higher maltose can be regarded as one of the characteristics of high quality MFCG, and these characteristics are related to a higher age and the cultivation environment of ginseng. The formation mechanism of these characteristics for GG and MFGG is also discussed. As far as we know, the present study is the first to determine the difference of Rg1/Re and oligosaccharides between MFCG and GG and this provides a reference for the quality control criterion of GG and MFCG. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

摘要

背景

本研究旨在探讨山地森林栽培人参（MFCG）和园参（GG）的化学成分，特别是它们的人参皂苷和低聚糖。

方法

采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-蒸发光散射检测技术研究 GG 和 MFCG 的人参皂苷和低聚糖。

结果

人参皂苷特征表现为 GG 不同部位的 Rg1/Re：主根>侧根>须根，以及主根的 Rg1/Re：MFCG>GG，表明 Rg1/Re 与人参的年龄有关。在大多数情况下，整个 GG 中的 Rg1/Re<1，而整个 MFCG 中的 Rg1/Re>1。此外，GG 主根中原人参二醇/原人参三醇的比例约为 1，而 MFCG 主根中该比例约为 2，并且 MFCG 的 Ro/Rb1 低于 GG。低聚糖分析表明，GG 主要含有蔗糖，而 MFCG 主要含有蔗糖和麦芽糖，在大多数情况下，GG 中的蔗糖与麦芽糖的比例至少大于 4:1，而 MFCG 中的比例小于 4:1，表明 MFCG 低聚糖的特征主要受其生长环境的影响。结果还表明，人参皂苷 Re 很可能是人参皂苷 Rg1 的生物合成前体（即 Re 首先合成，然后在体内转化为 Rg1）。