Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Sección de Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Ciudad de México, Mexico.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2020 Oct;70(10):1043-1059. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1808113. Epub 2020 Sep 4.
A case study was conducted to evaluate the SO emission reduction in a power plant in Central Mexico, as a result of the shifting of fuel oil to natural gas. Emissions of criteria pollutants, greenhouse gases, organic and inorganic toxics were estimated based on a 2010 report of hourly fuel oil consumption at the "Francisco Pérez Ríos" power plant in Tula, Mexico. For SO, the dispersion of these emissions was assessed with the CALPUFF dispersion model. Emissions reductions of > 99% for SO, PM and Pb, as well as reductions >50% for organic and inorganic toxics were observed when simulating the use of natural gas. Maximum annual (993 µg/m) and monthly average SO concentrations were simulated during the cold-dry period (152-1063 µg/m), and warm-dry period (239-432 µg/m). Dispersion model results and those from Mexico City's air quality forecasting system showed that SO emissions from the power plant affect the north of Mexico City in the cold-dry period. The evaluation of model estimates with 24 hr SO measured concentrations at Tepeji del Rio suggests that the combination of observations and dispersion models are useful in assessing the reduction of SO emissions due to shifting in fuels. Being SO a major precursor of acid rain, high transported sulfate concentrations are of concern and low pH values have been reported in the south of Mexico City, indicating that secondary SO products emitted in the power plant can be transported to Mexico City under specific atmospheric conditions. : Although the surroundings of a power plant located north of Mexico City receives most of the direct SO impact from fuel oil emissions, the plume is dispersed and advected to the Mexico City metropolitan area, where its secondary products may cause acid rain. The use of cleaner fuels may assure significant SO reductions in the plant emissions and consequent acid rain presence in nearby populated cities and should be compulsory in critical areas to comply with annual emission limits and health standards.
对墨西哥中部一座发电厂因燃料油改天然气而减少 SO 排放进行了案例研究。根据墨西哥图拉市“弗朗西斯科·佩雷斯·里奥斯”发电厂 2010 年每小时燃料油消耗报告，估算了基准污染物、温室气体、有机和无机毒物的排放。对于 SO，采用 CALPUFF 扩散模型评估这些排放的分散情况。当模拟使用天然气时，观察到 SO、PM 和 Pb 的排放量减少了>99%，有机和无机毒物的排放量减少了>50%。在寒冷干燥期（152-1063μg/m）和温暖干燥期（239-432μg/m），模拟出最大年（993μg/m）和月平均 SO 浓度。扩散模型结果和墨西哥城空气质量预测系统的结果表明，电厂的 SO 排放会影响寒冷干燥期的墨西哥城北部。用特佩希德尔里奥 24 小时 SO 实测浓度对模型估计值进行评估表明，结合观测和扩散模型可用于评估因燃料转换而减少 SO 排放。由于 SO 是酸雨的主要前体物，因此输送的硫酸盐浓度较高令人担忧，并且在墨西哥城南部已报告 pH 值较低，这表明电厂排放的二次 SO 产物在特定大气条件下可输送到墨西哥城。尽管位于墨西哥城北部的一座发电厂周围地区受到燃料油排放的直接 SO 影响最大，但烟尘会分散并被输送到墨西哥城大都市区，其二次产物可能会在那里引发酸雨。使用更清洁的燃料可能会确保电厂排放量的 SO 大量减少，从而减少附近人口稠密城市的酸雨出现，在关键地区应强制规定，以遵守年度排放限值和健康标准。
