College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
Food Res Int. 2020 Oct;136:109511. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109511. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Monascus-fermented rice has been used to treat digestive disorder and promote blood circulation in China and other Asian countries for centuries. However, the effects and mechanisms of Monascus purpureus-fermented common buckwheat (HQ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia are unclear. Here, oral supplementation of HQ significantly inhibited the abnormal growth of body weight and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), prevented the hypertrophy of epididymal adipocytes, ameliorated some biochemical parameters of serum and liver related to lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD). Histological analysis also showed that the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in the livers induced by HFD-feeding was greatly alleviated by HQ supplementation. Metagenomic analysis revealed that HQ supplementation made significant structural changes in the intestinal microflora of mice fed with HFD. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that physiological index, serum and liver lipid profiles were positively correlated with Bacteroidales S24-7, Streptococcus, Allobaculum, and Clostridiales XIII, but negatively associated with Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 group, Ruminiclostridium, and Alistipes. UPLC-QTOF/MS-based liver metabolomics demonstrated that HQ intervention had significant regulatory effects on the metabolic pathways of primary bile acid biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, etc. Additionally, HQ intervention regulated the mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and bile acid homeostasis. Collectively, these findings present new evidence supporting that HQ has the potential to ameliorate dyslipidemia and NAFLD via modulating the intestinal microbial populations and hepatic metabolite profile in hyperlipidemic mice induced by HFD.
红曲米在中国和其他亚洲国家被用于治疗消化紊乱和促进血液循环已有几个世纪之久。然而，红曲霉发酵苦荞（HQ）对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和血脂异常的作用和机制尚不清楚。在这里，HQ 的口服补充显著抑制了体重和附睾白色脂肪组织（eWAT）的异常生长，防止了附睾脂肪细胞的肥大，改善了高脂高胆固醇饮食（HFD）喂养的小鼠血清和肝脏中与脂质代谢相关的一些生化参数。组织学分析还表明，HQ 补充剂大大减轻了 HFD 喂养引起的肝脏中脂质滴的过度积累。宏基因组分析显示，HQ 补充剂使 HFD 喂养的小鼠肠道微生物群发生了显著的结构变化。Spearman 相关性分析显示，生理指标、血清和肝脏脂质谱与拟杆菌目 S24-7、链球菌属、Allobaculum 和梭菌科 XIII 呈正相关，但与乳杆菌属、瘤胃菌科 NK4A214 群、瘤胃球菌属和 Alistipes 呈负相关。基于 UPLC-QTOF/MS 的肝脏代谢组学表明，HQ 干预对初级胆汁酸生物合成、嘧啶代谢、醚脂代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢以及氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢等代谢途径具有显著的调节作用。此外，HQ 干预调节了与肝脏脂质代谢和胆汁酸稳态相关的肝脏基因的 mRNA 水平。综上所述，这些发现为 HQ 通过调节 HFD 诱导的高脂血症小鼠肠道微生物群和肝脏代谢物谱来改善血脂异常和 NAFLD 提供了新的证据。
