早产和小于胎龄（SGA）对6岁时注意力问题的性别差异影响。
Gender distinctive impacts of prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) on age-6 attention problems.
作者信息
Hall James, Jaekel Julia, Wolke Dieter
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK.
Department of Education, University of Oxford, UK.
出版信息
Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2012 Nov;17(4):238-245. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00649.x. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
BACKGROUND
Predictors of attention problems remain uncertain. Here we distinguish prematurity from small (birth weight) for gestational age (SGA).
METHOD
A total of 1437 children were studied between 0 and 6 years. Gender differences and indirect perinatal effects (via 20-month head circumference and cognition) were considered for age 6 attention problems.
RESULTS
Boys, preterms, and SGA children were all at increased risk for attention problems. Indirect perinatal effects differed between boys and girls.
CONCLUSIONS
The routes leading to attention problems seem to differ for SGA and preterm children. SGA appears to reduce brain volume while prematurity alters brain function. Although less frequent, female attention problems are more strongly predicted by prematurity and cognitive dysfunction.
背景
注意力问题的预测因素仍不明确。在此我们将早产与小于胎龄儿（出生体重）区分开来。
方法
对1437名0至6岁儿童进行了研究。针对6岁时的注意力问题，考虑了性别差异和间接围产期影响（通过20个月时的头围和认知）。
结果
男孩、早产儿和小于胎龄儿出现注意力问题的风险均增加。男孩和女孩的间接围产期影响有所不同。
结论
小于胎龄儿和早产儿导致注意力问题的途径似乎不同。小于胎龄儿似乎会减少脑容量，而早产会改变脑功能。虽然女性出现注意力问题的情况较少，但早产和认知功能障碍对其预测作用更强。
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