Social and Economic Well-Being, RAND Corp, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Social and Economic Well-Being, RAND Corp, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021 Jan;75(1):62-68. doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-214500. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
To examine violent crime in relation to sleep and explore pathways, including psychological distress, safety perceptions and perceived police presence, that may account for associations.
In 2018, 515 predominantly Black American (94%) adults (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) provided survey data: actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO). We estimated pathways from violent crime (2016-2018) to sleep through psychological distress, perceptions of safety and perceived adequacy of police presence.
WASO was most strongly associated with violent crimes that were within 1/10 mile of the participant's home and within the month preceding the interview. Violent crimes were associated with lower perceived safety (β=-0.13 (0.03), p<0.001) and greater WASO (β=5.96 (2.80), p=0.03). We observed no indirect associations between crime and either WASO or sleep duration through any of the tested mediators. Crime was not associated with sleep duration.
We demonstrated that more proximal and more recent violent crimes were associated with reduced perceived safety and worse WASO. Differential exposure to violent crime among Black Americans may contribute to health disparities by reducing residents' perceived safety and sleep health.
研究与睡眠相关的暴力犯罪，并探讨可能导致关联的心理困扰、安全感知和警察感知等途径。
2018 年，515 名主要为美国黑人（94%）成年人（美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡）提供了调查数据：通过活动记录仪评估的睡眠持续时间和睡眠后觉醒时间（WASO）。我们估计了从暴力犯罪（2016-2018 年）到睡眠的途径，包括心理困扰、安全感知和警察存在的感知充足度。
WASO 与距离参与者家 1/10 英里内且在访谈前一个月内发生的暴力犯罪最密切相关。暴力犯罪与较低的安全感（β=-0.13（0.03），p<0.001）和更长的 WASO（β=5.96（2.80），p=0.03）相关。我们没有观察到犯罪与任何经过测试的中介变量之间的间接关联。犯罪与睡眠持续时间无关。
我们表明，更接近和更近的暴力犯罪与降低的安全感和更差的 WASO 相关。黑人中不同程度地接触暴力犯罪可能会通过降低居民的安全感和睡眠健康状况导致健康差距。
