Kim Sue-Jung, Kim Hyo-Jeong, Kim Kiho
Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020 Aug 10;13:653-663. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S246443. eCollection 2020.
This study investigated how an individual's time perspective of the present and the future affects the delay of gratification, using the construal level theory. In addition, the mechanisms that influence the time perspective on the delay of gratification were examined through the mediating roles of the psychological distance and the perceived possibility of getting a future reward.
One hundred twenty university students completed the Korean version of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and performed a Temporal Discounting task to aid in the evaluation of their ability to delay gratification. Their psychological distance to the future and perceived possibility of getting a future reward were measured using the visual analogue scale.
The results showed that once the Present-Hedonistic and Future-Negative from among the six-time perspectives increased, and the ability to delayed gratification decreased. On the other hand, once the Future-Positive time perspective increased, the ability to delayed gratification increased. Only the psychological distance for 9 months was associated with time perspective and the mediation effect was not significant. Present-Hedonistic time perspective negatively predicted the perceived possibility of getting a future reward and the delay of gratification. The perceived possibility of getting a future reward fully mediated the relation between the Future-Negative time perspective and the delay of gratification.
These findings suggest that problems involved with the delay of gratification (such as smoking, addiction, and binge eating behavior) are more likely to occur in people who have high Present-Hedonistic and Future-Negative time perspectives, because these time perspectives lead to a lower perceived possibility of getting a future.
本研究运用解释水平理论，探讨个体对当下和未来的时间观如何影响延迟满足。此外，通过心理距离和获得未来奖励的感知可能性的中介作用，研究了影响时间观对延迟满足的作用机制。
120名大学生完成了瑞典津巴多时间观量表（S-ZTPI）的韩语版本，并进行了时间折扣任务，以评估他们延迟满足的能力。使用视觉模拟量表测量他们与未来的心理距离以及获得未来奖励的感知可能性。
结果显示，六个时间观中的当下享乐主义和未来消极主义一旦增加，延迟满足的能力就会下降。另一方面，未来积极时间观一旦增加，延迟满足的能力就会增强。只有9个月的心理距离与时间观相关，且中介效应不显著。当下享乐主义时间观对获得未来奖励的感知可能性和延迟满足具有负向预测作用。获得未来奖励的感知可能性完全中介了未来消极时间观与延迟满足之间的关系。
这些发现表明，延迟满足方面的问题（如吸烟、成瘾和暴饮暴食行为）更有可能发生在当下享乐主义和未来消极主义时间观较强的人身上，因为这些时间观会导致对未来获得奖励的感知可能性降低。
