Morgoglione Maria Elena, Bosco Antonio, Maurelli Maria Paola, Alves Leucio Camara, Saralli Giorgio, Bruni Gianpaolo, Cringoli Giuseppe, Rinaldi Laura
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR Campania Region, Naples, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Aug 4;7:410. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00410. eCollection 2020.
Coccidiosis due to spp. are widespread parasitic infections in cattle and water buffaloes and may impair health, welfare, and production of these livestock species. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the prevalence and seasonal dynamics of eimeriosis and (ii) to characterize the species in large ruminants in a Mediterranean area, in order to plan effective control strategies. Parasitological data were obtained from a 10-year surveillance program (2010-2019) on 3,631 farms (2,089 buffalo and 1,542 cattle farms) sampled in central and southern Italy. Pooled fecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC technique with an analytic sensitivity of 2 oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) utilizing a saturated sodium chloride flotation solution (specific gravity = 1.200). species identification was performed by morphometric analysis after a one week incubation of oocysts in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The results showed high prevalence of (up to 100%) in both cattle and buffaloes in the 10 years of surveillance, even if a slight reduction was reported in the last three years. The overall prevalence of eimeriosis was 91.7% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 90.2-93.1) in cattle farms and 81.5% (95% CI = 79.8-83.1) in water buffalo farms. The mean OPG value was 66.8 (min = 2; max = 8,065) in cattle and 55.9 (min = 2; max = 15,415) in water buffaloes, but this difference was not statistically significant ( > 0.05). In total, nine species of were found in cattle the most prevalent being , and , whereas in water buffaloes eight species of were found, the most prevalent being , and . Mixed infections were common in both ruminant species. The seasonal pattern showed a higher prevalence of eimeriosis in cattle in spring (86.9%) whereas in buffalo farms the prevalence was higher in winter (82.3%) and summer (82.4%). In conclusion, the 10-year surveillance program indicates that eimeriosis is common in cattle and water buffaloes and therefore continuous effective control strategies are needed.
由艾美耳球虫属物种引起的球虫病是牛和水牛中广泛存在的寄生虫感染，可能会损害这些家畜的健康、福利和生产性能。本研究的目的是：（i）调查艾美耳球虫病的流行率和季节性动态；（ii）对地中海地区大型反刍动物中的艾美耳球虫物种进行特征描述，以便制定有效的控制策略。寄生虫学数据来自一项为期10年（2010 - 2019年）的监测计划，该计划对意大利中部和南部的3631个农场（2089个水牛养殖场和1542个奶牛养殖场）进行了采样。使用FLOTAC技术分析混合粪便样本，采用饱和氯化钠浮选溶液（比重 = 1.200），分析灵敏度为每克粪便2个卵囊（OPG）。在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孵育卵囊一周后，通过形态计量分析进行物种鉴定。结果显示，在10年的监测中，牛和水牛中艾美耳球虫的流行率都很高（高达100%），尽管在最近三年报告有轻微下降。奶牛场中艾美耳球虫病的总体流行率为91.7%（95%置信区间，95%CI = 90.2 - 93.1），水牛养殖场中为81.5%（95%CI = 79.8 - 83.1）。奶牛的平均OPG值为66.8（最小值 = 2；最大值 = 8065），水牛为55.9（最小值 = 2；最大值 = 15415），但这种差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在奶牛中共发现9种艾美耳球虫，最常见的是[具体物种1]、[具体物种2]和[具体物种3]，而在水牛中发现8种艾美耳球虫，最常见的是[具体物种4]、[具体物种5]和[具体物种6]。混合感染在两种反刍动物中都很常见。季节性模式显示，奶牛中艾美耳球虫病在春季的流行率较高（86.9%），而在水牛养殖场中，冬季（82.3%）和夏季（82.4%）的流行率较高。总之，这项为期10年的监测计划表明，艾美耳球虫病在牛和水牛中很常见，因此需要持续采取有效的控制策略。
