Claxton L D, Stead A G, Walsh D
Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
Mutat Res. 1988 May-Aug;205(1-4):197-225. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(88)90018-3.
For a number of years, investigators have recognized that humans potentially are exposed to large numbers of genotoxicants. Many efforts have attempted to validate various short-term bioassays for use as rapid, inexpensive screens for genotoxicants--especially carcinogens. In this analysis, we examine Salmonella mutagenicity as an indicator of potential carcinogenicity by comparing published (and when possible, evaluated) Salmonella results with the evaluated Gene-Tox animal carcinogen data base. The Salmonella bioassay does especially well in those cases where the level of evidence for carcinogenicity is the strongest. Analysis shows that except for specific classes of compounds, the plate-incorporation protocol and the preincubation protocol are equally efficient at detecting mutagens. This paper also demonstrates how validation values (sensitivity, specificity, etc.) vary with chemical class. Overall, this analysis demonstrates that when used and interpreted in a meaningful chemical class context, the Salmonella bioassay remains extremely useful in identifying potential animal carcinogens.
多年来，研究人员已经认识到人类有可能接触大量的基因毒性物质。许多研究致力于验证各种短期生物测定法，以便用作快速、廉价的基因毒性物质（尤其是致癌物）筛选方法。在本分析中，我们通过将已发表的（以及在可能情况下经过评估的）沙门氏菌检测结果与经过评估的基因毒性动物致癌物数据库进行比较，来检验沙门氏菌致突变性作为潜在致癌性的指标。沙门氏菌生物测定法在致癌性证据水平最强的那些案例中表现尤为出色。分析表明，除了特定类别的化合物外，平板掺入法和预孵育法在检测诱变剂方面同样有效。本文还展示了验证值（敏感性、特异性等）如何因化学类别而异。总体而言，本分析表明，当在有意义的化学类别背景下使用和解释时，沙门氏菌生物测定法在识别潜在动物致癌物方面仍然极为有用。
