Wise Jenni M, Vance David E, Heaton Karen, Raper James L, Konkle-Parker Deborah, Azuero Andres, Kempf Mirjam-Colette
Jenni M. Wise, PhD, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. David E. Vance, PhD, is the Associate Dean for Research and Scholarship, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Karen Heaton, PhD, FNP-BC, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. James L. Raper, PhD, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN, is a Professor, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Deborah Konkle-Parker, PhD, FNP, FAAN, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, and School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Andres Azuero, PhD, is the Director of Statistics, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Mirjam-Colette Kempf, PhD, MPH, is a Professor, School of Nursing, School of Medicine, and School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2021;32(1):37-46. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000202.
Women living with HIV (WLWH) have lower employment rates and more difficulty finding and keeping employment compared with their counterparts without HIV. These disparities affect physical, psychological, and socioeconomic outcomes, and they may compound the disadvantages associated with living with HIV. Although historical literature has emphasized the impact of clinical factors on employment, current evidence suggests that socioeconomic and psychosocial factors associated with HIV should be included for a more comprehensive view. Based on this broader inclusion, a conceptual framework is presented describing how socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics influence employment acquisition and maintenance among WLWH. The framework posits that there is a reciprocal relationship between employment acquisition and occupational productivity, and psychological health, physical health, social support, and empowerment. Implications for future research and interventions include (a) an extended conceptualization of vocational rehabilitation and (b) the use of peer support groups to increase social capital, empowerment, knowledge, and resources among WLWH.
与未感染艾滋病毒的女性相比，感染艾滋病毒的女性（WLWH）就业率较低，在寻找和保住工作方面困难更大。这些差异会影响身体、心理和社会经济方面的结果，并且可能会加剧与感染艾滋病毒相关的不利因素。尽管历史文献强调了临床因素对就业的影响，但目前的证据表明，为了获得更全面的认识，应纳入与艾滋病毒相关的社会经济和心理社会因素。基于这种更广泛的纳入，本文提出了一个概念框架，描述社会经济和心理社会特征如何影响感染艾滋病毒女性的就业获得和维持。该框架假定就业获得与职业生产力、心理健康、身体健康、社会支持和赋权之间存在相互关系。对未来研究和干预措施的启示包括：（a）对职业康复进行扩展概念化；（b）利用同伴支持小组来增加感染艾滋病毒女性的社会资本、赋权、知识和资源。
