Ransome Yusuf, Thurber Katherine A, Swen Melody, Crawford Natalie D, German Danielle, Dean Lorraine T
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH Rm 403, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
SSM Popul Health. 2018 May 30;5:73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.05.007. eCollection 2018 Aug.
Social capital is a well-established predictor of several behavioral health outcomes. However, we know less about the relationship with prevention, transmission, and treatment of HIV/AIDS outcomes in the United States (US).
In 2017, we conducted a scoping review of empirical studies investigating the relationships between social capital and HIV/AIDS in the US by searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts with no restriction on publication date, for articles in English language. Sample search terms included: HIV infections OR HIV OR AIDS OR acquired immunodeficiency syndrome OR human immunodeficiency virus social capital OR social control, informal OR social participation OR social cohesion OR generalized trust OR social trust OR collective efficacy OR community mob* OR civic participation.
We identified 1581 unique manuscripts and reviewed 13 based on eligibility criteria. The earliest eligible study was published in 2003. More than half (n=7/13) focused on HIV or AIDS diagnosis, then prescribing ART and/or adherence (n=5/13), then linkage and or engagement in HIV care (n=4/13). Fifty eight percent (58%) documented a protective association between at least one social capital measure and an HIV/AIDS outcome. Seven studies used validated social capital scales, however there was substantial variation in conceptual/operational definitions and measures used. Most studies were based on samples from the Northeast. Three studies directly focused on or stratified analyses among subgroups or key populations. Studies were cross-sectional, so causal inference is unknown.
Our review suggests that social capital may be an important determinant of HIV/AIDS prevention, transmission, and treatment outcomes. We recommend future research assess these associations using qualitative and mixed-methods approaches, longitudinally, examine differences across subgroups and geographic region, include a wider range of social capital constructs, and examine indicators beyond HIV diagnosis, as well as how mechanisms like stigma link social capital to HIV/AIDS.
社会资本是多种行为健康结果的既定预测指标。然而，我们对其与美国艾滋病毒/艾滋病结果的预防、传播和治疗之间的关系了解较少。
2017年，我们通过检索PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO、科学网和社会学文摘数据库，对美国社会资本与艾滋病毒/艾滋病之间关系的实证研究进行了范围综述，检索不限出版日期，检索英文文章。样本检索词包括：艾滋病毒感染或艾滋病毒或艾滋病或获得性免疫缺陷综合征或人类免疫缺陷病毒 社会资本或社会控制、非正式或社会参与或社会凝聚力或普遍信任或社会信任或集体效能或社区暴*或公民参与。
我们识别出1581篇独特的手稿，并根据纳入标准对13篇进行了综述。最早符合条件的研究发表于2003年。超过一半（n = 7/13）的研究关注艾滋病毒或艾滋病诊断，其次是开具抗逆转录病毒治疗药物和/或依从性（n = 5/13），然后是艾滋病毒护理的联系和/或参与（n = 4/13）。58%的研究记录了至少一种社会资本测量指标与艾滋病毒/艾滋病结果之间的保护关联。七项研究使用了经过验证的社会资本量表，然而在概念/操作定义和使用的测量方法上存在很大差异。大多数研究基于来自东北部的样本。三项研究直接关注亚组或关键人群或在其中进行分层分析。研究为横断面研究，因此因果推断尚不清楚。
我们的综述表明，社会资本可能是艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防、传播和治疗结果的重要决定因素。我们建议未来的研究采用定性和混合方法，纵向评估这些关联，研究亚组和地理区域之间的差异，纳入更广泛的社会资本结构，并研究艾滋病毒诊断以外的指标，以及耻辱感等机制如何将社会资本与艾滋病毒/艾滋病联系起来。
