Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1284:1-7. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-7086-5_1.
Fear is defined as a fundamental emotion promptly arising in the context of threat and when danger is perceived. Fear can be innate or learned. Examples of innate fear include fears that are triggered by predators, pain, heights, rapidly approaching objects, and ancestral threats such as snakes and spiders. Animals and humans detect and respond more rapidly to threatening stimuli than to nonthreatening stimuli in the natural world. The threatening stimuli for most animals are predators, and most predators are themselves prey to other animals. Predatory avoidance is of crucial importance for survival of animals. Although humans are rarely affected by predators, we are constantly challenged by social threats such as a fearful or angry facial expression. This chapter will summarize the current knowledge on brain circuits processing innate fear responses to visual stimuli derived from studies conducted in mice and humans.
恐惧被定义为在威胁和感知到危险的情况下迅速产生的一种基本情绪。恐惧可以是天生的，也可以是后天习得的。天生恐惧的例子包括对捕食者、疼痛、高处、快速接近的物体以及蛇和蜘蛛等祖先威胁的恐惧。动物和人类在自然界中对威胁性刺激的探测和反应速度比非威胁性刺激更快。对大多数动物来说，威胁性刺激是捕食者，而大多数捕食者本身也是其他动物的猎物。避免捕食对于动物的生存至关重要。尽管人类很少受到捕食者的影响，但我们经常受到社会威胁的挑战，例如恐惧或愤怒的面部表情。本章将总结目前关于处理源自小鼠和人类研究的视觉刺激的先天恐惧反应的大脑回路的知识。
