Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2021 Jul;53(4):670-681. doi: 10.1111/evj.13339. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
Respiratory disease is a common cause for presentation of working horses to clinics in Ethiopia and a priority concern for owners.
To identify risk factors for and association of pathogens with respiratory signs in working horses.
Unmatched case-control study.
Cases were those animals recently coughing (last 7 days) or observed with coughing, nasal discharge or altered respiration at the time of examination. A physical exam and respiratory endoscopy were performed including a tracheal wash sample to detect the presence of pathogens and serology performed on blood. An owner questionnaire was administered. Risk factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression.
Data on 108 cases and 93 unmatched control horses were obtained. Case horses often had underlying lower airway pathology and were significantly more likely to have Streptococcus zooepidemicus detected (OR: 12.4, 95% CI: 3.6-42.4). There was no evidence of a major role for viral respiratory pathogens. Risk factors included completion of strenuous work (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.3), drinking from stagnant water sources (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2) or being housed on a cobbled floor (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8). There were increased odds of respiratory disease in young and old horses in this population.
Samples for pathogen detection and cytology were only taken from the trachea.
S. zooepidemicus, a common commensal, may play a role in clinical respiratory disease in this population.
在埃塞俄比亚，呼吸疾病是导致工作马到诊所就诊的常见原因，也是马主最关心的问题。
确定工作马出现呼吸症状的相关病原体及危险因素。
非匹配病例对照研究。
病例为最近（过去 7 天内）咳嗽或在检查时观察到咳嗽、鼻腔分泌物或呼吸改变的动物。进行了体格检查和呼吸内镜检查，包括采集气管冲洗样本以检测病原体的存在，并对血液进行了血清学检查。同时进行了一份马主调查问卷。使用多变量逻辑回归确定危险因素。
共获得 108 例病例和 93 匹未匹配对照马的数据。病例马常存在潜在的下呼吸道疾病，并且更有可能检测到兽疫链球菌（OR：12.4，95%CI：3.6-42.4）。没有证据表明病毒呼吸道病原体起主要作用。危险因素包括完成剧烈工作（OR：2.7，95%CI：1.2-6.3）、饮用静止水源（OR：2.3，95%CI：1.0-5.2）或在鹅卵石地面上饲养（OR：2.0，95%CI：1.1-3.8）。在该人群中，幼马和老马患呼吸道疾病的几率增加。
仅从气管采集了用于病原体检测和细胞学检查的样本。
在该人群中，常见共生菌兽疫链球菌可能在临床呼吸疾病中起作用。
