Elemento Olivier
Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2020 Sep 8;4(2):175-177. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20190197.
Precision medicine can be defined as personalized medicine enhanced by technology. In the past, medicine has, in some cases, been personalized. For example, some drugs are dosed on an individualized basis based on age, body-mass index, comorbidities and other clinical parameters. However, overall, medicine has largely followed the 'one-size-fits-all' paradigm as exemplified in the treatment of essential hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus. What has changed in the past few years is that technologies such as high throughput sequencing, mass spectrometry, microfluidics, and imaging can help conduct a multitude of complex measurements on clinical samples. Aided by analytics, these technologies have been providing an increasingly detailed picture of molecular and cellular alterations underlying numerous diseases and have revealed tremendous variability between individuals and patients at the molecular and cellular level. These findings have motivated a more personalized or 'precision' approach to medicine, in which molecular and cellular markers help tailor patient management to each individual. Here we provide an overview of the key factors driving adoption of precision medicine and highlight current research that may soon make precision medicine more predictive.
精准医学可定义为借助技术强化的个性化医疗。过去，在某些情况下医学已实现个性化。例如，一些药物会根据年龄、体重指数、合并症及其他临床参数进行个体化给药。然而，总体而言，医学在很大程度上遵循“一刀切”模式，如在原发性高血压或2型糖尿病的治疗中。在过去几年中发生变化的是，诸如高通量测序、质谱分析、微流体技术和成像等技术能够帮助对临床样本进行大量复杂测量。在分析技术的辅助下，这些技术一直在提供关于众多疾病潜在分子和细胞改变的日益详细的图景，并揭示了个体和患者在分子和细胞水平上的巨大差异。这些发现推动了医学向更个性化或“精准”的方法发展，其中分子和细胞标志物有助于根据每个个体定制患者管理方案。在此，我们概述推动精准医学应用的关键因素，并强调当前的研究，这些研究可能很快使精准医学更具预测性。
