AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland.
Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Chem Rev. 2020 Oct 14;120(19):11028-11055. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00084. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
Three-dimensional bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques for the automated fabrication of hierarchically organized living constructs. The building blocks are often hydrogel-based bioinks, which need to be printed into structures with high shape fidelity to the intended computer-aided design. For optimal cell performance, relatively soft and printable inks are preferred, although these undergo significant deformation during the printing process, which may impair shape fidelity. While the concept of good or poor printability seems rather intuitive, its quantitative definition lacks consensus and depends on multiple rheological and chemical parameters of the ink. This review discusses qualitative and quantitative methodologies to evaluate printability of bioinks for extrusion- and lithography-based bioprinting. The physicochemical parameters influencing shape fidelity are discussed, together with their importance in establishing new models, predictive tools and printing methods that are deemed instrumental for the design of next-generation bioinks, and for reproducible comparison of their structural performance.
三维生物打印使用增材制造技术来自动制造具有层次结构的活体结构。构建块通常是基于水凝胶的生物墨水，需要将其打印成与预期计算机辅助设计具有高度形状保真度的结构。为了获得最佳的细胞性能，通常首选相对柔软且可打印的墨水，尽管在打印过程中这些墨水会发生显著变形，这可能会损害形状保真度。虽然良好或不良可打印性的概念似乎相当直观，但它的定量定义缺乏共识，并且取决于墨水的多个流变学和化学参数。本文综述了用于挤出和光刻生物打印的生物墨水可打印性的定性和定量评估方法。讨论了影响形状保真度的物理化学参数，以及它们在建立新模型、预测工具和打印方法中的重要性，这些模型、工具和方法被认为对于下一代生物墨水的设计以及对其结构性能的可重复比较至关重要。
