Bell J C
Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Cancer Lett. 1988 May;40(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(88)90255-8.
Particular eukaryotic genes which play integral roles in the control of normal growth and differentiation programs are targets for mutagenic events which lead to the generation of malignancies. These genes, called proto-oncogenes can be activated to the oncogenic state by amplification, point mutation, deletion or chromosomal translocation. The protein products encoded by oncogenes include protein kinases, G-proteins, growth factors and nuclear transcription factors. It is likely that oncogene activation by viral infection or in concert with virally-induced immunodeficiencies is responsible for the aetiology of human tumours.
在正常生长和分化程序控制中发挥不可或缺作用的特定真核基因，是导致恶性肿瘤产生的诱变事件的靶点。这些被称为原癌基因的基因可通过扩增、点突变、缺失或染色体易位被激活至致癌状态。癌基因编码的蛋白质产物包括蛋白激酶、G蛋白、生长因子和核转录因子。病毒感染或与病毒诱导的免疫缺陷协同作用导致的癌基因激活，很可能是人类肿瘤病因的原因。
