Rogier Guyonne, Beomonte Zobel Sara, Morganti Wanda, Ponzoni Sara, Velotti Patrizia
Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy.
Addict Behav. 2021 Jan;112:106600. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106600. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
In recent literature, abnormalities in the metacognitive domain have been pointed out as psychological variables that may account for a wide range of psychopathologies, including gambling disorder (GD). Considering the growing but scattered nature of the research concerning the relationship between metacognition and GD, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing results are required.
We performed a systematic search through five scientific databases for research published till December 10, 2019, following PRISMA guidelines. We also searched grey literature. After removing the redundancy, 16.855 records were screened.
Unanimously, authors selected 10 articles based on the inclusion criteria. Four of the selected studies evaluated metacognitive abilities towards cognitive performances, mostly considering metacognitive deficits about decision-making, while metacognitive beliefs were assessed by six of the selected articles. Only one study examined metacognitive functioning regarding GD. The meta-analytic procedure was performed on 10 identified studies based on the criteria adopted, which comprised 1.655 individuals. Results showed that the average effect size linking metacognitive dysfunctions and GD was significant and moderated by the instrument used to measure metacognition.
The examined line of research is highly heterogeneous owing to the type of operationalization adopted for metacognition. The systematic review also showed a grey area, evidencing the lack of research on metacognitive functions. Results demonstrated by this meta-analysis call for future studies examining the role of metacognitive deficits in GD in order to delineate useful clinical indications.
在最近的文献中，元认知领域的异常被指出是可能导致包括赌博障碍（GD）在内的多种精神病理学的心理变量。鉴于关于元认知与GD之间关系的研究日益增多但分散，需要对现有结果进行系统综述和荟萃分析。
我们按照PRISMA指南，通过五个科学数据库对截至2019年12月10日发表的研究进行了系统检索。我们还搜索了灰色文献。去除冗余后，筛选了16855条记录。
作者一致根据纳入标准选择了10篇文章。所选研究中有四项评估了对认知表现的元认知能力，主要考虑决策方面的元认知缺陷，而所选文章中有六项评估了元认知信念。只有一项研究考察了关于GD的元认知功能。根据所采用的标准，对10项已确定的研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究包括1655名个体。结果表明，将元认知功能障碍与GD联系起来的平均效应大小显著，且受用于测量元认知的工具的调节。
由于元认知所采用的操作化类型，所研究的研究方向高度异质。系统综述还显示了一个灰色地带，表明缺乏对元认知功能的研究。这项荟萃分析的结果呼吁未来开展研究，考察元认知缺陷在GD中的作用，以便确定有用的临床指征。
