Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich, UK.
Virulence. 2020 Dec;11(1):1177-1191. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1809963.
The global spread of parasites is unquestionably linked with human activities. Migration in all its different forms played a major role in the introduction of parasites into new areas. In ancient times, mass migrations were the main causes for the spread of parasites while in the recent past and present, emigration, immigration, displacement, external and internal migration, and labor migration were the reasons for the dispersal of parasites. With the advent of seagoing ships, long-distance trading became another important mode of spreading parasites. This review summarizes the spread of parasites using notable examples. In addition, the different hypotheses explaining the arrival of and soil-transmitted helminths in pre-Columbian America are also discussed.
寄生虫的全球传播无疑与人类活动有关。各种形式的迁移在寄生虫引入新地区方面发挥了重要作用。在古代，大规模迁移是寄生虫传播的主要原因，而在最近和现在，移民、移民、流离失所、内外迁移和劳动力迁移是寄生虫扩散的原因。随着航海船只的出现，远程贸易成为寄生虫传播的另一种重要方式。本综述通过显著的例子总结了寄生虫的传播。此外，还讨论了有关寄生虫和土壤传播性蠕虫在哥伦布前美洲出现的不同假说。
