University of Waterloo, Canada.
University of Waterloo, Canada.
Cognition. 2020 Dec;205:104428. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104428. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
Offloading to-be-remembered information is a ubiquitous memory strategy, yet in relying on external memory stores, our ability to recall from internal memory is often diminished. In the present investigation, we examine how offloading impacts true and false recall. Across three experiments, participants studied and wrote down word lists that were each strongly associated with an unstudied critical word. Recall in the Offloading condition (i.e., when they were told that they would have access to their written lists during recall) was contrasted with a No-Offloading condition (i.e., when they were told that they would not have access to their written lists during recall). We found that offloading decreased true recall of presented words while increasing false recall for unpresented critical words. Results are discussed in terms of offloading's differential effects on the formation of gist and verbatim traces during encoding.
信息转存是一种普遍使用的记忆策略，但在依赖外部记忆存储的同时，我们从内部记忆中回忆的能力往往会减弱。在本研究中，我们研究了信息转存如何影响真实和虚假回忆。在三个实验中，参与者学习并写下与一个未学习的关键单词有强烈关联的单词列表。在转存条件下（即，当他们被告知在回忆时可以访问他们的书面列表）的回忆与非转存条件（即，当他们被告知在回忆时不能访问他们的书面列表）进行对比。我们发现，信息转存减少了呈现单词的真实回忆，同时增加了对未呈现关键单词的虚假回忆。结果从信息编码过程中对要旨和逐字痕迹形成的不同影响方面进行了讨论。
