Murphy Dillon H
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2025 Feb;32(1):156-175. doi: 10.3758/s13423-024-02554-9. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
In our everyday lives, we must remember important information, especially if there are consequences for forgetting. In this review, I discuss recent work on responsible remembering: the strategic and effortful prioritization of important information with consequences for forgetting. Thus far, research regarding responsible remembering has revealed several key factors and mechanisms that work together to enhance memory for important information that will continue to be refined: the identification and selection of what to remember (metacognitive reflectivity), the forgetting of less important information to facilitate memory for items that do need to be remembered (responsible forgetting), the functional prioritization of attention at the expense of competing factors (responsible attention), and the selective recall of important information via efficient retrieval strategies (responsible retrieval). Together, these functions form a cohesive system that aims to selectively prioritize, encode, and recall information that is deemed important based on its anticipated utility or the consequences of forgetting, and considering the importance of information may be a critical memory adaptation as we age. Specifically, if younger and older adults learn to self-assess and prioritize important information that has negative consequences if forgotten, engage in strategic forgetting, efficiently allocate their attentional resources, and utilize effective retrieval operations, memory for said important information can be enhanced.
在我们的日常生活中，我们必须记住重要信息，尤其是在遗忘会带来后果的情况下。在这篇综述中，我讨论了关于负责任记忆的近期研究：对重要信息进行有策略且需付出努力的优先排序，遗忘会带来后果。到目前为止，关于负责任记忆的研究已经揭示了几个共同作用以增强对重要信息记忆的关键因素和机制，这些因素和机制将不断得到完善：对要记忆内容的识别和选择（元认知反思性），遗忘不太重要的信息以促进对确实需要记忆的项目的记忆（负责任遗忘），以牺牲竞争因素为代价对注意力进行功能性优先排序（负责任注意力），以及通过高效检索策略选择性回忆重要信息（负责任检索）。这些功能共同构成一个连贯的系统，旨在根据信息的预期效用或遗忘的后果，有选择地对被视为重要的信息进行优先排序、编码和回忆，并且随着年龄增长，考虑信息的重要性可能是一种关键的记忆适应方式。具体而言，如果年轻人和老年人学会自我评估并对遗忘会带来负面后果的重要信息进行优先排序，进行策略性遗忘，有效分配他们的注意力资源，并运用有效的检索操作，那么对上述重要信息的记忆就能得到增强。
