Friel Ciarán P, Duran Andrea T, Shechter Ari, Diaz Keith M
Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Center for Personalized Health, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
Am J Prev Med. 2020 Oct;59(4):513-521. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.007. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Physical inactivity, high screen time, and short sleep are targets of public health initiatives for children. However, few data exist on how many U.S. children meet guidelines for these behaviors-data vital to inform which needs greater targeting. This study describes national prevalence estimates of U.S. children who meet physical activity, screen time, and sleep guidelines alone or in combination across each childhood year.
This analysis (completed in 2019) used cross-sectional data from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative sample of U.S. children. Child physical activity (days per week with ≥60 minutes), recreational screen time (hours per day of TV viewing and electronic device use), and sleep duration (hours per day) were assessed through parental report. Guidelines recommend ≥60 minutes per day of physical activity, ≤2 hours per day of screen time, and 9-12 hours per day of sleep for individuals aged 6-12 years (8-10 hours for those aged 13-17 years).
Only 8.8% (95% CI=8.2%, 9.5%) of U.S. children meet all the 3 guidelines combined. Majority of children/adolescents attain the sleep guideline (86.0%, 95% CI=85.2%, 86.7%), but a lower proportion meet physical activity (23.0%, 95% CI=22.1%, 23.9%) or screen time (32.9%, 95% CI=31.9%, 33.8%) guidelines. A substantial age effect was identified, with prevalence of meeting each distinct guideline and all the 3 declining with age (p<0.001).
Few U.S. children meet all the 3 movement guidelines, with prevalence rates of children meeting guidelines declining with age. Although many meet sleep guidelines, few meet physical activity or screen time guidelines. Initiatives targeting physical activity and screen time, especially for adolescents, should be pursued.
缺乏体育活动、长时间使用电子设备和睡眠不足是针对儿童的公共卫生倡议的目标。然而，关于有多少美国儿童符合这些行为指南的数据很少，而这些数据对于确定哪些方面需要更多关注至关重要。本研究描述了美国儿童在每个童年阶段单独或综合达到体育活动、电子设备使用时间和睡眠指南的全国患病率估计。
本分析（于2019年完成）使用了2016 - 2017年全国儿童健康调查的横断面数据，该调查是美国儿童具有全国代表性的样本。通过家长报告评估儿童的体育活动（每周≥60分钟的天数）、娱乐性电子设备使用时间（每天看电视和使用电子设备的小时数）和睡眠时间（每天的小时数）。指南建议6 - 12岁的儿童每天进行≥60分钟的体育活动，每天电子设备使用时间≤2小时，每天睡眠9 - 12小时（13 - 17岁的儿童为8 - 10小时）。
只有8.8%（95%置信区间 = 8.2%，9.5%）的美国儿童同时符合所有三项指南。大多数儿童/青少年达到了睡眠指南（86.0%，95%置信区间 = 85.2%，86.7%），但达到体育活动指南（23.0%，95%置信区间 = 22.1%，23.9%）或电子设备使用时间指南（32.9%，95%置信区间 = 31.9%，33.8%）的比例较低。发现了显著的年龄效应，达到每项单独指南和所有三项指南的患病率均随年龄下降（p < 0.001）。
很少有美国儿童符合所有三项运动指南，符合指南的儿童患病率随年龄下降。尽管许多儿童达到了睡眠指南，但很少有儿童达到体育活动或电子设备使用时间指南。应开展针对体育活动和电子设备使用时间的倡议，特别是针对青少年。
