Halberg Chronobiology Center, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
J Hum Hypertens. 2021 Aug;35(8):678-684. doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-00408-0. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
This study compares the effect of three diets on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP). Hypertension and abnormal BP variability (BPV) are major risk factors leading to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. When detected early, a dietary approach may be preferred to medication. Data stemming from ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study were re-analyzed from a chronobiologic perspective. Compared to the control diet (N = 112) that had no effect on BP (from 131.2/83.5 to 131.0/83.6 mmHg), both the Fruit and Vegetable (FV; N = 113) diet and the DASH (N = 113) diet were associated with a decrease in BP (FV: from 132.6/84.4 to 129.0/82.1 mmHg; DASH: from 131.9/83.6 to 127.2/80.9 mmHg). The decrease in BP was found to be circadian stage-dependent, and to differ between men and women. Nighttime BP was decreased to a larger extent with the DASH than with the FV diet, a difference observed in women but not in men. Study participants who had a higher BP during the reference stage were more likely to decrease their BP to a larger extent after the 8-week dietary intervention. The FV and DASH diets had different effects on BPV. In view of the relatively large day-to-day variability in BP in both normotensive and hypertensive people, it is recommended to monitor BP around the clock for longer than 24 h, and to individualize the optimization of dietary or other intervention.
本研究比较了三种饮食对血压（BP）昼夜节律的影响。高血压和异常的 BP 变异性（BPV）是导致心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的主要危险因素。早期发现时，饮食方法可能优于药物治疗。从膳食干预阻止高血压（DASH）研究的动态血压监测（ABPM）数据中，从时间生物学角度重新进行了分析。与对照饮食（N=112，对 BP 无影响，从 131.2/83.5 降至 131.0/83.6mmHg）相比，水果和蔬菜（FV；N=113）饮食和 DASH（N=113）饮食均与 BP 下降相关（FV：从 132.6/84.4 降至 129.0/82.1mmHg；DASH：从 131.9/83.6 降至 127.2/80.9mmHg）。研究发现，BP 的下降与昼夜节律阶段有关，且男女之间存在差异。与 FV 饮食相比，DASH 饮食更能显著降低夜间 BP，这种差异仅见于女性，而在男性中则不明显。参考期 BP 较高的研究参与者，在 8 周饮食干预后，BP 下降幅度更大。FV 和 DASH 饮食对 BPV 的影响不同。鉴于正常血压和高血压人群的 BP 日变化较大，建议对 BP 进行 24 小时以上的昼夜监测，并根据个人情况优化饮食或其他干预措施。
