膳食限制高血压（DASH）饮食模式与老年高血压或非高血压患者 24 小时动态血压的关系。
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Style Dietary Pattern and 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Elderly Chinese with or without Hypertension.
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2022 Jul 6;152(7):1755-1762. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac086.
BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern is associated with other blood pressure (BP) variables, beyond mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to study the associations between the DASH dietary pattern and daytime and nighttime mean BPs and BP variance independent of the mean (VIM).
METHODS
A sample of 324 Chinese adults aged ≥ 60 y who were not on BP-lowering medications were included in the analysis. The DASH score was calculated using data collected by a validated FFQ. The 24-h ambulatory BP was measured and the mean and VIM SBP and DBP were calculated for both the daytime (06:00-21:59) and nighttime periods (22:00-05:59). Multivariable linear models were constructed to assess associations between the DASH dietary pattern and daytime and nighttime BP outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, BMI, and hypertension (clinic SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg), and sleep parameters (only for nighttime BP outcomes). An interaction term between DASH score and hypertension status was added to explore the potential differential association in normotensive and hypertensive individuals.
RESULTS
Every 1-unit increase in the DASH score was associated with a 0.18-unit (95% CI: -0.34, -0.01 unit) and a 0.22-unit (95% CI: -0.36, -0.09 unit) decrease in nighttime VIM SBP and nighttime VIM DBP, respectively. DASH score was not associated with any daytime BP outcomes, nighttime mean SBP, or nighttime mean DBP. A significant interaction (DASH score × hypertension status) was detected for VIM SBP (P-interaction = 0.04), indicating a differential association between DASH score and nighttime VIM SBP by hypertension status.
CONCLUSIONS
Independently of sleep parameters and other factors, the DASH dietary pattern is associated with lower nighttime BP variability in elderly adults.
背景
目前尚不清楚 DASH（停止高血压的饮食方法）饮食模式是否与平均收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）以外的其他血压（BP）变量相关。
目的
本研究旨在研究 DASH 饮食模式与日间和夜间平均 SBP 和 DBP 以及独立于均值（VIM）的 BP 方差之间的关联。
方法
本分析纳入了 324 名年龄≥60 岁且未服用降压药物的中国成年人。使用经过验证的 FFQ 收集的数据计算 DASH 评分。测量 24 小时动态血压，并计算日间（06:00-21:59）和夜间（22:00-05:59）时段的平均和 VIM SBP 和 DBP。构建多变量线性模型，以评估 DASH 饮食模式与日间和夜间 BP 结果之间的关联，调整社会人口因素、生活方式、BMI 和高血压（诊所 SBP≥140mmHg 或 DBP≥90mmHg）以及睡眠参数（仅用于夜间 BP 结果）。添加 DASH 评分与高血压状态之间的交互项，以探讨在正常血压和高血压个体中的潜在差异关联。
结果
DASH 评分每增加 1 个单位，夜间 VIM SBP 和夜间 VIM DBP 分别降低 0.18 个单位（95%CI：-0.34，-0.01 个单位）和 0.22 个单位（95%CI：-0.36，-0.09 个单位）。DASH 评分与任何日间 BP 结果、夜间平均 SBP 或夜间平均 DBP 均无关。VIM SBP 检测到 DASH 评分与高血压状态之间存在显著交互作用（P 交互=0.04），表明 DASH 评分与高血压状态下的夜间 VIM SBP 之间存在差异关联。
结论
独立于睡眠参数和其他因素，DASH 饮食模式与老年人夜间 BP 变异性降低有关。
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